Regulation of Lipid Metabolism: a Tale of Two Yeasts

Overview

Journal Curr Opin Cell Biol

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2012 Jun 15

PMID 22694927

Citations 17

Authors

Sumana Raychaudhuri

Barry P Young

Peter J Espenshade

Christopher Loewen Jr

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells synthesize multiple classes of lipids by distinct metabolic pathways in order to generate membranes with optimal physical and chemical properties. As a result, complex regulatory networks are required in all organisms to maintain lipid and membrane homeostasis as well as to rapidly and efficiently respond to cellular stress. The unicellular nature of yeast makes it particularly vulnerable to environmental stress and yeast has evolved elaborate signaling pathways to maintain lipid homeostasis. In this article we highlight the recent advances that have been made using the budding and fission yeasts and we discuss potential roles for the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the SREBP-Scap pathways in coordinate regulation of multiple lipid classes.

Citing Articles

The Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism and the Glutathione Antioxidant System Protect Yeast Against pH-Induced Stress.

Rakhmanova T, Gessler N, Isakova E, Klein O, Deryabina Y, Popova T J Fungi (Basel). 2024; 10(11).

PMID: 39590666 PMC: 11595425. DOI: 10.3390/jof10110747.

Aspergillus fumigatus Hypoxia Adaptation Is Critical for the Establishment of Fungal Keratitis.

Lightfoot J, Adams E, Kamath M, Wells B, Fuller K Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2024; 65(4):31.

PMID: 38635243 PMC: 11044834. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.31.

Research advances on arachidonic acid production by fermentation and genetic modification of Mortierella alpina.

Zhang H, Cui Q, Song X World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021; 37(1):4.

PMID: 33392832 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02984-2.

An autonomous, but INSIG-modulated, role for the sterol sensing domain in mallostery-regulated ERAD of yeast HMG-CoA reductase.

Wangeline M, Hampton R J Biol Chem. 2020; 296:100063.

PMID: 33184059 PMC: 7948459. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015910.

Effects on Gene Transcription Profile and Fatty Acid Composition by Genetic Modification of Mevalonate Diphosphate Decarboxylase MVD/Erg19 in .

Hu Z, Huang H, Sun Y, Niu Y, Xu W, Liu Q Microorganisms. 2019; 7(9).

PMID: 31514444 PMC: 6780523. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090342.

References

Jesch S, Zhao X, Wells M, Henry S . Genome-wide analysis reveals inositol, not choline, as the major effector of Ino2p-Ino4p and unfolded protein response target gene expression in yeast. J Biol Chem. 2004; 280(10):9106-18. PMC: 1352320. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M411770200. View

Fu S, Yang L, Li P, Hofmann O, Dicker L, Hide W . Aberrant lipid metabolism disrupts calcium homeostasis causing liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity. Nature. 2011; 473(7348):528-31. PMC: 3102791. DOI: 10.1038/nature09968. View

Roelants F, Breslow D, Muir A, Weissman J, Thorner J . Protein kinase Ypk1 phosphorylates regulatory proteins Orm1 and Orm2 to control sphingolipid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 108(48):19222-7. PMC: 3228448. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116948108. View

Walker A, Jacobs R, Watts J, Rottiers V, Jiang K, Finnegan D . A conserved SREBP-1/phosphatidylcholine feedback circuit regulates lipogenesis in metazoans. Cell. 2011; 147(4):840-52. PMC: 3384509. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.045. View

Chang Y, Ingavale S, Bien C, Espenshade P, Kwon-Chung K . Conservation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and its pathobiological importance in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell. 2009; 8(11):1770-9. PMC: 2772393. DOI: 10.1128/EC.00207-09. View

Theesfeld C, Pourmand D, Davis T, Garza R, Hampton R . The sterol-sensing domain (SSD) directly mediates signal-regulated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase isozyme Hmg2. J Biol Chem. 2011; 286(30):26298-307. PMC: 3143592. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.244798. View

Promlek T, Ishiwata-Kimata Y, Shido M, Sakuramoto M, Kohno K, Kimata Y . Membrane aberrancy and unfolded proteins activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor Ire1 in different ways. Mol Biol Cell. 2011; 22(18):3520-32. PMC: 3172275. DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E11-04-0295. View

Lee C, Stewart E, Hughes B, Espenshade P . Oxygen-dependent binding of Nro1 to the prolyl hydroxylase Ofd1 regulates SREBP degradation in yeast. EMBO J. 2009; 28(2):135-43. PMC: 2634736. DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.271. View

Ron D, Walter P . Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007; 8(7):519-29. DOI: 10.1038/nrm2199. View

10.

Hampton R, Rine J . The biology of HMG-CoA reductase: the pros of contra-regulation. Trends Biochem Sci. 1996; 21(4):140-5. View

11.

Testerink C, Munnik T . Molecular, cellular, and physiological responses to phosphatidic acid formation in plants. J Exp Bot. 2011; 62(7):2349-61. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err079. View

12.

Garza R, Tran P, Hampton R . Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is a potent regulator of HRD-dependent 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase degradation in yeast. J Biol Chem. 2009; 284(51):35368-80. PMC: 2790966. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.023994. View

13.

Montanes F, Pascual-Ahuir A, Proft M . Repression of ergosterol biosynthesis is essential for stress resistance and is mediated by the Hog1 MAP kinase and the Mot3 and Rox1 transcription factors. Mol Microbiol. 2011; 79(4):1008-23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07502.x. View

14.

Marie C, Leyde S, White T . Cytoplasmic localization of sterol transcription factors Upc2p and Ecm22p in S. cerevisiae. Fungal Genet Biol. 2008; 45(10):1430-8. PMC: 2580778. DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.07.004. View

15.

Maxfield F, van Meer G . Cholesterol, the central lipid of mammalian cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010; 22(4):422-9. PMC: 2910236. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.004. View

16.

Huh W, Falvo J, Gerke L, Carroll A, Howson R, Weissman J . Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature. 2003; 425(6959):686-91. DOI: 10.1038/nature02026. View

17.

Burg J, Espenshade P . Glucose controls phosphoregulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase through the protein phosphatase 2A-related phosphatase protein, Ppe1, and Insig in fission yeast. J Biol Chem. 2011; 286(31):27139-46. PMC: 3149307. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.233452. View

18.

Bien C, Espenshade P . Sterol regulatory element binding proteins in fungi: hypoxic transcription factors linked to pathogenesis. Eukaryot Cell. 2010; 9(3):352-9. PMC: 2837984. DOI: 10.1128/EC.00358-09. View

19.

Jo Y, DeBose-Boyd R . Control of cholesterol synthesis through regulated ER-associated degradation of HMG CoA reductase. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2010; 45(3):185-98. PMC: 2937355. DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2010.485605. View

20.

Travers K, Patil C, Wodicka L, Lockhart D, Weissman J, Walter P . Functional and genomic analyses reveal an essential coordination between the unfolded protein response and ER-associated degradation. Cell. 2000; 101(3):249-58. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80835-1. View