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Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Contrast Dependent on Blood Oxygenation

Overview
Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Specialty Science
Date 1990 Dec 1
PMID 2124706
Citations 1616
Authors
S Ogawa
T M Lee
A R Kay
D W Tank
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a naturally occurring contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By accentuating the effects of this agent through the use of gradient-echo techniques in high fields, we demonstrate in vivo images of brain microvasculature with image contrast reflecting the blood oxygen level. This blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast follows blood oxygen changes induced by anesthetics, by insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and by inhaled gas mixtures that alter metabolic demand or blood flow. The results suggest that BOLD contrast can be used to provide in vivo real-time maps of blood oxygenation in the brain under normal physiological conditions. BOLD contrast adds an additional feature to magnetic resonance imaging and complements other techniques that are attempting to provide positron emission tomography-like measurements related to regional neural activity.

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