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Ht31, a Protein Kinase A Anchoring Inhibitor, Induces Robust Cholesterol Efflux and Reverses Macrophage Foam Cell Formation Through ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1

Overview
Journal J Biol Chem
Specialty Biochemistry
Date 2010 Nov 26
PMID 21106522
Citations 10
Authors
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Abstract

Macrophage foam cell is the predominant cell type in atherosclerotic lesions. Removal of excess cholesterol from macrophages thus offers effective protection against atherosclerosis. Here we report that a protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring inhibitor, st-Ht31, induces robust cholesterol/phospholipid efflux, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) greatly facilitates this process. Remarkably, we found that st-Ht31 completely reverses foam cell formation, and this process is ABCA1-dependent. The reversal is also accompanied by the restoration of well modulated inflammatory response to LPS. There is no detectable toxicity associated with st-Ht31, even when cells export up to 20% cellular cholesterol per hour. Using FRET-based PKA biosensors in live cells, we provide evidence that st-Ht31 drives cholesterol efflux by elevating PKA activity specifically in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, ABCA1 facilitates st-Ht31 uptake. This allows st-Ht31 to effectively remove cholesterol from ABCA1-expressing cells. We speculate that de-anchoring of PKA offers a novel therapeutic strategy to remove excess cholesterol from lipid-laden lesion macrophages.

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