A Gating Charge Transfer Center in Voltage Sensors

Overview

Journal Science

Specialty Science

Date 2010 Apr 3

PMID 20360102

Citations 325

Authors

Xiao Tao

Alice Lee

Walrati Limapichat

Dennis A Dougherty

Roderick MacKinnon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Voltage sensors regulate the conformations of voltage-dependent ion channels and enzymes. Their nearly switchlike response as a function of membrane voltage comes from the movement of positively charged amino acids, arginine or lysine, across the membrane field. We used mutations with natural and unnatural amino acids, electrophysiological recordings, and x-ray crystallography to identify a charge transfer center in voltage sensors that facilitates this movement. This center consists of a rigid cyclic "cap" and two negatively charged amino acids to interact with a positive charge. Specific mutations induce a preference for lysine relative to arginine. By placing lysine at specific locations, the voltage sensor can be stabilized in different conformations, which enables a dissection of voltage sensor movements and their relation to ion channel opening.

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