Highly Diverse Cyanobactins in Strains of the Genus Anabaena

Overview

Journal Appl Environ Microbiol

Specialties Environmental Health
Microbiology

Date 2009 Dec 17

PMID 20008171

Citations 40

Authors

Niina Leikoski

David P Fewer

Jouni Jokela

Matti Wahlsten

Leo Rouhiainen

Kaarina Sivonen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cyanobactins are small, cyclic peptides recently found in cyanobacteria. They are formed through proteolytic cleavage and posttranslational modification of short precursor proteins and exhibit antitumor, cytotoxic, or multi-drug-reversing activities. Using genome project data, bioinformatics, stable isotope labeling, and mass spectrometry, we discovered novel cyclic peptides, anacyclamides, in 27 Anabaena strains. The lengths of the anacylamides varied greatly, from 7 to 20 amino acids. Pronounced sequence variation was also detected, and only one amino acid, proline, was present in all anacyclamides. The anacyclamides identified included unmodified proteinogenic or prenylated amino acids. We identified an 11-kb gene cluster in the genome of Anabaena sp. 90, and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli confirmed that this cluster was responsible for anacyclamide production. The discovery of anacyclamides greatly increases the structural diversity of cyanobactins.

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