The Central Nervous System of Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) Shows Positive Immunostaining for a Chordate Glial Secretion

Overview

Journal Front Zool

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Biology

Date 2009 Jun 23

PMID 19538733

Citations 19

Authors

Vladimir S Mashanov

Olga R Zueva

Thomas Heinzeller

Beate Aschauer

Wilfried W Naumann

Jesus M Grondona

Manuel Cifuentes

Jose E Garcia-Arraras

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Echinoderms and chordates belong to the same monophyletic taxon, the Deuterostomia. In spite of significant differences in body plan organization, the two phyla may share more common traits than was thought previously. Of particular interest are the common features in the organization of the central nervous system. The present study employs two polyclonal antisera raised against bovine Reissner's substance (RS), a secretory product produced by glial cells of the subcomissural organ, to study RS-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of sea cucumbers.

Results: In the ectoneural division of the nervous system, both antisera recognize the content of secretory vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm of the radial glia-like cells of the neuroepithelium and in the flattened glial cells of the non-neural epineural roof epithelium. The secreted immunopositive material seems to form a thin layer covering the cell apices. There is no accumulation of the immunoreactive material on the apical surface of the hyponeural neuroepithelium or the hyponeural roof epithelium. Besides labelling the supporting cells and flattened glial cells of the epineural roof epithelium, both anti-RS antisera reveal a previously unknown putative glial cell type within the neural parenchyma of the holothurian nervous system.

Conclusion: Our results show that: a) the glial cells of the holothurian tubular nervous system produce a material similar to Reissner's substance known to be synthesized by secretory glial cells in all chordates studied so far; b) the nervous system of sea cucumbers shows a previously unrealized complexity of glial organization. Our findings also provide significant clues for interpretation of the evolution of the nervous system in the Deuterostomia. It is suggested that echinoderms and chordates might have inherited the RS-producing radial glial cell type from the central nervous system of their common ancestor, i.e., the last common ancestor of all the Deuterostomia.

Citing Articles

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo.

Perillo M, Sepe R, Paganos P, Toscano A, Annunziata R Evodevo. 2024; 15(1):3.

PMID: 38368336 PMC: 10874539. DOI: 10.1186/s13227-023-00220-0.

Minding the gut: extending embodied cognition and perception to the gut complex.

Boem F, Greslehner G, Konsman J, Chiu L Front Neurosci. 2024; 17:1172783.

PMID: 38260022 PMC: 10800657. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172783.

Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration.

Mashanov V, Ademiluyi S, Jacob Machado D, Reid R, Janies D Front Neural Circuits. 2023; 17:1258370.

PMID: 37841894 PMC: 10570448. DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1258370.

Neuroecology beyond the brain: learning in Echinodermata.

Freas C, Cheng K Learn Behav. 2021; 50(1):20-36.

PMID: 34877627 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-021-00492-3.

Dedifferentiation of radial glia-like cells is observed in in vitro explants of holothurian radial nerve cord.

Quesada-Diaz E, Figueroa-Delgado P, Garcia-Rosario R, Sirfa A, Garcia-Arraras J J Neurosci Methods. 2021; 364:109358.

PMID: 34537226 PMC: 8561615. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109358.

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