Two C-type Lectins Cooperate to Defend Anopheles Gambiae Against Gram-negative Bacteria

Overview

Journal J Biol Chem

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2009 Apr 22

PMID 19380589

Citations 59

Authors

Anna K D Schnitger

Hassan Yassine

Fotis C Kafatos

Mike A Osta

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of proteins that share a common structural motif, the carbohydrate recognition domain, and may act as receptors in pathogen recognition. Indeed, some vertebrate CTLs, particularly the collectins, are unequivocally implicated in the innate immune response to certain microbes. Although studies in insects and other invertebrates have described CTL activation of effector immune responses in vitro, the contribution of these CTLs to immune defenses in vivo is still poorly understood. Here we report that two CTLs, CTL4 and CTLMA2, which were shown previously to inhibit Plasmodium berghei ookinete melanization in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, are transcriptionally induced by bacterial challenge. Using in vivo reverse genetic analysis, we show that both CTLs are required for the clearance of Escherichia coli, but not Staphylococcus aureus, from adult female mosquitoes. Silencing either CTL dramatically reduces mosquito survival to Gram-negative but not to Gram-positive bacterial infections, suggesting a role in defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, molecular characterization reveals that both CTLs are secreted into the mosquito hemolymph mainly in the form of a disulfide-linked heterodimer. This association explains the similar roles of these CTLs in bacterial defense as well as in the melanization response to P. berghei ookinetes. Apparently, CTL4 and CTLMA2 serve pleiotropic functions in the innate immune response of A. gambiae.

Citing Articles

Late sporogonic stages of parasites are susceptible to the melanization response in mosquitoes.

Zeineddine S, Jaber S, Saab S, Nakhleh J, Dimopoulos G, Osta M Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14:1438019.

PMID: 39149419 PMC: 11324593. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1438019.

Late sporogonic stages of parasites are susceptible to the melanization response in mosquitoes.

Zeineddine S, Jaber S, Saab S, Nakhleh J, Dimopoulos G, Osta M bioRxiv. 2024; .

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Insight into the structural hierarchy of the protease cascade that regulates the mosquito melanization response.

Saab S, Zhang X, Zeineddine S, Morejon B, Michel K, Osta M Microbes Infect. 2023; 26(1-2):105245.

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The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks.

Zhao M, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Zhao Y Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1241934.

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