Cytomegalovirus MicroRNAs

Overview

Journal Virus Genes

Specialties Microbiology
Molecular Biology

Date 2009 Mar 18

PMID 19291384

Citations 18

Authors

Lars Dolken

Sebastien Pfeffer

Ulrich H Koszinowski

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level in virtually all eukaryotic organisms and some viruses, particularly herpesviruses. miRNAs are non-immunogenic, stealthy tools for viruses to regulate their as well as host gene expression. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the major cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients and allogenic bone-marrow or organ-transplant recipients and the leading cause of congenital birth defects. HCMV miRNAs may provide valuable targets for new urgently needed antiviral drugs. This review focuses on recent findings for viral miRNAs expressed by cytomegaloviruses (CMV) including data from human, chimpanzee, and murine CMV. These are discussed in the context of findings for other viruses to highlight potentially conserved roles exerted by viral miRNAs.

Citing Articles

HCMV miRNA Targets Reveal Important Cellular Pathways for Viral Replication, Latency, and Reactivation.

Diggins N, Hancock M Noncoding RNA. 2018; 4(4).

PMID: 30360396 PMC: 6315856. DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040029.

HCMV-encoded miR-UL112-3p promotes glioblastoma progression via tumour suppressor candidate 3.

Liang Q, Wang K, Wang B, Cai Q Sci Rep. 2017; 7:44705.

PMID: 28303930 PMC: 5356197. DOI: 10.1038/srep44705.

The Expression of Human Cytomegalovirus MicroRNA MiR-UL148D during Latent Infection in Primary Myeloid Cells Inhibits Activin A-triggered Secretion of IL-6.

Lau B, Poole E, Krishna B, Sellart I, Wills M, Murphy E Sci Rep. 2016; 6:31205.

PMID: 27491954 PMC: 4974560. DOI: 10.1038/srep31205.

Human cytomegalovirus pUL10 interacts with leukocytes and impairs TCR-mediated T-cell activation.

Bruno L, Cortese M, Monda G, Gentile M, Calo S, Schiavetti F Immunol Cell Biol. 2016; 94(9):849-860.

PMID: 27192938 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.49.

Emerging Roles of Herpesvirus microRNAs During In Vivo Infection and Pathogenesis.

Feldman E, Tibbetts S Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2015; 3(3):209-217.

PMID: 26246961 PMC: 4522463. DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0085-z.

References

Li J, Yang Z, Yu B, Liu J, Chen X . Methylation protects miRNAs and siRNAs from a 3'-end uridylation activity in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol. 2005; 15(16):1501-7. PMC: 5127709. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.029. View

Pfeffer S, Zavolan M, Grasser F, Chien M, Russo J, Ju J . Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs. Science. 2004; 304(5671):734-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1096781. View

Seo G, Fink L, OHara B, Atwood W, Sullivan C . Evolutionarily conserved function of a viral microRNA. J Virol. 2008; 82(20):9823-8. PMC: 2566259. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01144-08. View

Dolken L, Perot J, Cognat V, Alioua A, John M, Soutschek J . Mouse cytomegalovirus microRNAs dominate the cellular small RNA profile during lytic infection and show features of posttranscriptional regulation. J Virol. 2007; 81(24):13771-82. PMC: 2168864. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01313-07. View

Bhattacharyya S, Habermacher R, Martine U, Closs E, Filipowicz W . Relief of microRNA-mediated translational repression in human cells subjected to stress. Cell. 2006; 125(6):1111-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.031. View

Rudel S, Flatley A, Weinmann L, Kremmer E, Meister G . A multifunctional human Argonaute2-specific monoclonal antibody. RNA. 2008; 14(6):1244-53. PMC: 2390805. DOI: 10.1261/rna.973808. View

Chambers J, Angulo A, Amaratunga D, Guo H, Jiang Y, Wan J . DNA microarrays of the complex human cytomegalovirus genome: profiling kinetic class with drug sensitivity of viral gene expression. J Virol. 1999; 73(7):5757-66. PMC: 112636. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.73.7.5757-5766.1999. View

Selbach M, Schwanhausser B, Thierfelder N, Fang Z, Khanin R, Rajewsky N . Widespread changes in protein synthesis induced by microRNAs. Nature. 2008; 455(7209):58-63. DOI: 10.1038/nature07228. View

Landgraf P, Rusu M, Sheridan R, Sewer A, Iovino N, Aravin A . A mammalian microRNA expression atlas based on small RNA library sequencing. Cell. 2007; 129(7):1401-14. PMC: 2681231. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.040. View

10.

Wang X, Aliyari R, Li W, Li H, Kim K, Carthew R . RNA interference directs innate immunity against viruses in adult Drosophila. Science. 2006; 312(5772):452-4. PMC: 1509097. DOI: 10.1126/science.1125694. View

11.

Sullivan C, Grundhoff A, Tevethia S, Pipas J, Ganem D . SV40-encoded microRNAs regulate viral gene expression and reduce susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells. Nature. 2005; 435(7042):682-6. DOI: 10.1038/nature03576. View

12.

Ding S, Voinnet O . Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs. Cell. 2007; 130(3):413-26. PMC: 2703654. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.039. View

13.

Tang S, Patel A, Krause P . Novel less-abundant viral microRNAs encoded by herpes simplex virus 2 latency-associated transcript and their roles in regulating ICP34.5 and ICP0 mRNAs. J Virol. 2008; 83(3):1433-42. PMC: 2620902. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01723-08. View

14.

Pillai R, Bhattacharyya S, Artus C, Zoller T, Cougot N, Basyuk E . Inhibition of translational initiation by Let-7 MicroRNA in human cells. Science. 2005; 309(5740):1573-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1115079. View

15.

Ziegelbauer J, Sullivan C, Ganem D . Tandem array-based expression screens identify host mRNA targets of virus-encoded microRNAs. Nat Genet. 2008; 41(1):130-4. PMC: 2749995. DOI: 10.1038/ng.266. View

16.

Stern-Ginossar N, Gur C, Biton M, Horwitz E, Elboim M, Stanietsky N . Human microRNAs regulate stress-induced immune responses mediated by the receptor NKG2D. Nat Immunol. 2008; 9(9):1065-73. DOI: 10.1038/ni.1642. View

17.

Tyler D, Okamura K, Chung W, Hagen J, Berezikov E, Hannon G . Functionally distinct regulatory RNAs generated by bidirectional transcription and processing of microRNA loci. Genes Dev. 2008; 22(1):26-36. PMC: 2151012. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1615208. View

18.

Skalsky R, Samols M, Plaisance K, Boss I, Riva A, Lopez M . Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes an ortholog of miR-155. J Virol. 2007; 81(23):12836-45. PMC: 2169101. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01804-07. View

19.

Dunn W, Trang P, Zhong Q, Yang E, Van Belle C, Liu F . Human cytomegalovirus expresses novel microRNAs during productive viral infection. Cell Microbiol. 2005; 7(11):1684-95. DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00598.x. View

20.

Zeng Y, Yi R, Cullen B . MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs can inhibit mRNA expression by similar mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(17):9779-84. PMC: 187842. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1630797100. View