Apatite Induced Renal Epithelial Injury: Insight into the Pathogenesis of Kidney Stones

Overview

Journal J Urol

Publisher Wolters Kluwer

Specialty Urology

Date 2008 May 24

PMID 18499159

Citations 19

Authors

Carla Escobar

Karen J Byer

Hassan Khaskheli

Saeed R Khan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: Kidney stone formation is associated with the deposition of hydroxyapatite as subepithelial plaques or tubular deposits in the renal papillae. We investigated the effect of renal epithelial exposure to hydroxyapatite crystals in vitro to develop an insight into the pathogenesis of kidney stones.

Materials And Methods: NRK52E cells (No. CRL-1571, ATCC) were exposed to 67 or 133 microg/cm(2) hydroxyapatite (No. 21223, Sigma-Aldrich) or calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (No. 27609, BDH Industries, Poole, United Kingdom). In some studies cells were also exposed to crystals from the basal side. After 3 or 6 hours of exposure medium was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase, 8-isoprostane and H(2)O(2). Medium collected after cell exposure on the apical side was also analyzed for the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prostaglandin E2. Cells were stained with DAPI to determine apoptotic activity and examined by scanning electron microscopy to observe crystal-cell interaction.

Results: Cell exposure to hydroxyapatite resulted in H(2)O(2) and 8-isoprostane production as well as in lactate dehydrogenase release. Apical exposure appeared more provocative and injurious than basal exposure. Exposure to hydroxyapatite for 6 hours resulted in increased apoptotic activity. Apical exposure also resulted in increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prostaglandin E2 production.

Conclusions: Cell exposure to hydroxyapatite crystals induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. It caused up-regulation of the inflammation mediators that may be responsible for the kidney inflammation in patients with stones that is associated with tubular hydroxyapatite deposition. It may also have a role in the eruption of subepithelial Randall's plaques to the papillary surface.

Citing Articles

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An insight investigation to the antiurolithic activity of Trachyspermum ammi using the in vitro and in vivo experiments.

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The antiurolithic activity of on rats treated with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride: Possible pharmaco-biochemical and ultrastructure effects.

ElSawy N, Mosa O Curr Urol. 2021; 15(2):119-125.

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Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Hydroxyapatite Crystals on Renal Epithelial Cells.

Sun X, Chen J, Rao C, Ouyang J Int J Nanomedicine. 2020; 15:5043-5060.

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Comparison of the adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate to HK-2 cells before and after repair using tea polysaccharides.

Zhao Y, Guo D, Li C, Ouyang J Int J Nanomedicine. 2019; 14:4277-4292.

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