Minimal Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cell by Tissue-derived Dendritic Cells Favors the Stimulation of Naive CD8+ T Cells

Of the many dendritic cell (DC) subsets, DCs expressing the monomorphic coreceptor CD8 alpha-chain (CD8alpha) are localized permanently in lymphoid organs, whereas 'tissue-derived DCs' remain in nonlymphoid tissues until they 'capture' antigen and then move to local lymph nodes. Here we show that after lung infection, both naive and memory CD8+ 'killer' T cells responded to influenza virus antigens presented by lymph node-resident CD8alpha+ DCs, but only naive cells responded to antigens presented by lung-derived DCs. This difference provides a mechanism for priming naive T cell responses in conditions in which robust memory predominates. Our findings have implications for immunity to pathogens that can mutate their T cell epitopes, such as influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus, and challenge the long-held view that memory T cells have less-stringent requirements for activation than naive T cells have.