The Spemann Organizer Gene, Goosecoid, Promotes Tumor Metastasis

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 2006 Dec 5

PMID 17142318

Citations 114

Authors

Kimberly A Hartwell

Beth Muir

Ferenc Reinhardt

Anne E Carpenter

Dennis C Sgroi

Robert A Weinberg

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The process of invasion and metastasis during tumor progression is often reminiscent of cell migration events occurring during embryonic development. We hypothesized that genes controlling cellular changes in the Spemann organizer at gastrulation might be reactivated in tumors. The Goosecoid homeobox transcription factor is a known executer of cell migration from the Spemann organizer. We found that indeed Goosecoid is overexpressed in a majority of human breast tumors. Ectopic expression of Goosecoid in human breast cells generated invasion-associated cellular changes, including an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. TGF-beta signaling, known to promote metastasis, induced Goosecoid expression in human breast cells. Moreover, Goosecoid significantly enhanced the ability of breast cancer cells to form pulmonary metastases in mice. These results demonstrate that Goosecoid promotes tumor cell malignancy and suggest that other conserved organizer genes may function similarly in human cancer.

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