Relating Familiarity-based Recognition and the Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon: Detecting a Word's Recency in the Absence of Access to the Word

Overview

Journal Mem Cognit

Specialty Psychology

Date 2006 Oct 27

PMID 17063912

Citations 13

Authors

Anne M Cleary

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

After viewing a list of single-word answers to general knowledge questions, participants received a test list containing general knowledge questions, some of whose answers were studied, and some of whose were not. Regardless of whether participants could provide the answer to a test question, they rated the likelihood that the answer had been studied. Across three experiments,participants consistently gave higher ratings to unanswerable questions whose answers were studied than to those whose answers were not studied. This discrimination ability persisted in the absence of reported tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states and when no information about the answer could be articulated. Studying a question's answer did not increase the likelihood of a later TOT state for that question, yet participants gave higher recognition ratings when in a TOT state than when not in a TOT state. A possible theoretical mechanism for the present pattern is discussed, as are relevant theories of familiarity-based recognition and of the TOT phenomenon.

Citing Articles

The tip-of-the-tongue state as a form of access to information: Use of tip-of-the-tongue states for strategic adaptive test-taking.

Cleary A, McNeely-White K, Russell S, Huebert A, Hausman H J Appl Res Mem Cogn. 2021; 10(1):131-142.

PMID: 34026470 PMC: 8136240. DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.013.

Huijbers W, Papp K, Lapoint M, Wigman S, Dagley A, Hedden T Cereb Cortex. 2016; 27(9):4339-4349.

PMID: 27578492 PMC: 6074848. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw234.

Recognition during recall failure: Semantic feature matching as a mechanism for recognition of semantic cues when recall fails.

Cleary A, Ryals A, Wagner S Mem Cognit. 2015; 44(1):50-62.

PMID: 26282623 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-015-0545-z.

The awareness of novelty for strangely familiar words: a laboratory analogue of the déjà vu experience.

Urquhart J, OConnor A PeerJ. 2014; 2:e666.

PMID: 25401055 PMC: 4230551. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.666.

Recent study, but not retrieval, of knowledge protects against learning errors.

Mullet H, Umanath S, Marsh E Mem Cognit. 2014; 42(8):1239-49.

PMID: 24972561 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-014-0437-7.

References

Glanzer M, Adams J . The mirror effect in recognition memory: data and theory. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1990; 16(1):5-16. DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.16.1.5. View

Cleary A . Recognition with and without identification: dissociative effects of meaningful encoding. Mem Cognit. 2002; 30(5):758-67. DOI: 10.3758/bf03196431. View

Bower G . Reactivating a reactivation theory of implicit memory. Conscious Cogn. 1996; 5(1-2):27-72. DOI: 10.1006/ccog.1996.0004. View

Cleary A, Greene R . Recognition without identification. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000; 26(4):1063-9. DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.4.1063. View

Kinoshita S . The word frequency effect in recognition memory versus repetition priming. Mem Cognit. 1995; 23(5):569-80. DOI: 10.3758/bf03197259. View

Jacobs A, Graf R, Kinder A . Receiver operating characteristics in the lexical decision task: evidence for a simple signal-detection process simulated by the multiple read-out model. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2003; 29(3):481-8. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.29.3.481. View

Brown A . A review of the tip-of-the-tongue experience. Psychol Bull. 1991; 109(2):204-23. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.204. View

Glanzer M, Adams J . The mirror effect in recognition memory. Mem Cognit. 1985; 13(1):8-20. DOI: 10.3758/bf03198438. View

Reder L, Nhouyvanisvong A, Schunn C, Ayers M, Angstadt P, Hiraki K . A mechanistic account of the mirror effect for word frequency: a computational model of remember-know judgments in a continuous recognition paradigm. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000; 26(2):294-320. DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.2.294. View

10.

Schwartz B . The relation of tip-of-the-tongue states and retrieval time. Mem Cognit. 2001; 29(1):117-26. DOI: 10.3758/bf03195746. View

11.

Rajaram S, Geraci L . Conceptual fluency selectively influences knowing. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000; 26(4):1070-4. DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.4.1070. View

12.

Gardiner J, Java R . Recollective experience in word and nonword recognition. Mem Cognit. 1990; 18(1):23-30. DOI: 10.3758/bf03202642. View

13.

Ratcliff R, Sheu C, Gronlund S . Testing global memory models using ROC curves. Psychol Rev. 1992; 99(3):518-35. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.99.3.518. View

14.

Cleary A, Greene R . True and false memory in the absence of perceptual identification. Memory. 2004; 12(2):231-6. DOI: 10.1080/09658210244000577. View

15.

Coltheart M, Rastle K, Perry C, Langdon R, Ziegler J . DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychol Rev. 2001; 108(1):204-56. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.204. View

16.

Hirshman E, Hostetter M . Using ROC curves to test models of recognition memory: the relationship between presentation duration and slope. Mem Cognit. 2000; 28(2):161-6. DOI: 10.3758/bf03213795. View

17.

Curran T, Cleary A . Using ERPs to dissociate recollection from familiarity in picture recognition. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2002; 15(2):191-205. DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00192-1. View

18.

Neely J . Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory processes. Mem Cognit. 2011; 4(5):648-54. DOI: 10.3758/BF03213230. View

19.

Yonelinas A . Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: evidence for a dual-process model. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994; 20(6):1341-54. DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.6.1341. View

20.

Cleary A . Orthography, phonology, and meaning: word features that give rise to feelings of familiarity in recognition. Psychon Bull Rev. 2004; 11(3):446-51. DOI: 10.3758/bf03196593. View