Non-Helicobacter Bacterial Flora Rarely Develops in the Gastric Mucosal Layer of Children

Overview

Journal Dig Dis Sci

Specialty Gastroenterology

Date 2006 Apr 15

PMID 16614982

Citations 13

Authors

Seiichi Kato

Shigeru Fujimura

Katsunori Kimura

Tomoko Nishio

Shiro Hamada

Takanori Minoura

Munehiro Oda

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Non-Helicobacter bacteria can be cultured from the gastric mucosa in adults but in children, there are no studies about such microflora. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to clarify whether gastric biota develops in children. In 10 children and 10 adults or elderly (5 H. pylori-infected and 5 uninfected in each group), biopsy specimens of the gastric antrum and corpus and gastric juice were studied for bacterial examinations and the data were compared between both age groups in relation to H. pylori status and luminal pH. Bacterial genera and species were analyzed using both culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the 52 genus- and species-specific primer sets. Non-Helicobacter bacteria in the mucosa were cultured from all adult patients, whereas microorganisms were cultured in only one child (p < .001). Gastric pH was lower in children (median, 1.4) than in adults (median, 2.6) (p < .005). The grade of endoscopic gastric atrophy was moderate or severe in 8 adults, but absent or mild in all 10 children. Among adults, there was a significant positive correlation between gastric pH and total bacterial counts of both the mucosa and juice. These data indicate that impaired gastric acid secretion associated with long-term H. pylori infection enables non-Helicobacter bacteria to colonize in the human stomach. Such microorganisms rarely colonize in the gastric mucosa in children regardless of H. pylori status.

Citing Articles

Crosstalk between and gastrointestinal microbiota in various gastroduodenal diseases-A systematic review.

Sharma P, Phatak S, Warikoo P, Mathur A, Mahant S, Das K 3 Biotech. 2023; 13(9):303.

PMID: 37588796 PMC: 10425313. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03734-5.

Linking dysbiosis to precancerous stomach through inflammation: Deeper than and beyond imaging.

Lopes C, Almeida T, Pimentel-Nunes P, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pereira C Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1134785.

PMID: 37063848 PMC: 10102473. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134785.

A literature review on the potential clinical implications of streptococci in gastric cancer.

Zi M, Zhang Y, Hu C, Zhang S, Chen J, Yuan L Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:1010465.

PMID: 36386672 PMC: 9643750. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010465.

The interplay between and gastrointestinal microbiota.

Chen C, Liou J, Lee Y, Hong T, El-Omar E, Wu M Gut Microbes. 2021; 13(1):1-22.

PMID: 33938378 PMC: 8096336. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1909459.

in human health and disease: Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects.

Bravo D, Hoare A, Soto C, Valenzuela M, Quest A World J Gastroenterol. 2018; 24(28):3071-3089.

PMID: 30065554 PMC: 6064966. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i28.3071.

References

Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, Matsumura N, Yamaguchi S, Yamakido M . Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345(11):784-9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa001999. View

Thorens J, Froehlich F, Schwizer W, Saraga E, Bille J, Gyr K . Bacterial overgrowth during treatment with omeprazole compared with cimetidine: a prospective randomised double blind study. Gut. 1996; 39(1):54-9. PMC: 1383231. DOI: 10.1136/gut.39.1.54. View

Guarner F, Malagelada J . Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet. 2003; 361(9356):512-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0. View

Jose J, Otto G, Meyer T . The integration site of the iga gene in commensal Neisseria sp. Mol Genet Genomics. 2003; 269(2):197-204. DOI: 10.1007/s00438-002-0799-6. View

Ohata H, Kitauchi S, Yoshimura N, Mugitani K, Iwane M, Nakamura H . Progression of chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection increases risk of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer. 2004; 109(1):138-43. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11680. View

Mackowiak P . The normal microbial flora. N Engl J Med. 1982; 307(2):83-93. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198207083070203. View

Versalovic J, Osato M, Spakovsky K, Dore M, Reddy R, Stone G . Point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of Helicobacter pylori associated with different levels of clarithromycin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997; 40(2):283-6. DOI: 10.1093/jac/40.2.283. View

Kato S, Nakajima S, Nishino Y, Ozawa K, Minoura T, Konno M . Association between gastric atrophy and Helicobacter pylori infection in Japanese children: a retrospective multicenter study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006; 51(1):99-104. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-3091-5. View

Suerbaum S, Michetti P . Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347(15):1175-86. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra020542. View

10.

Petersen D, Shishido M, Holl F, Chanway C . Use of species- and strain-specific PCR primers for identification of conifer root-associated Bacillus spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995; 133(1-2):71-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07863.x. View

11.

Drasar B, SHINER M, McLeod G . Studies on the intestinal flora. I. The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy and achlorhydric persons. Gastroenterology. 1969; 56(1):71-9. View

12.

Wang R, Cao W, Cerniglia C . PCR detection of Ruminococcus spp. in human and animal faecal samples. Mol Cell Probes. 1997; 11(4):259-65. DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0111. View

13.

Asaka M, Kimura T, Kudo M, Takeda H, Mitani S, Miyazaki T . Relationship of Helicobacter pylori to serum pepsinogens in an asymptomatic Japanese population. Gastroenterology. 1992; 102(3):760-6. DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)90156-s. View

14.

Jonkers D, Houben P, Hameeteman W, Stobberingh E, de Bruine A, Arends J . Differential features of gastric cancer patients, either Helicobacter pylori positive or Helicobacter pylori negative. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000; 31(9):836-41. View

15.

Fouad A, Barry J, Caimano M, Clawson M, Zhu Q, Carver R . PCR-based identification of bacteria associated with endodontic infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40(9):3223-31. PMC: 130810. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3223-3231.2002. View

16.

Adamsson I, Nord C, Lundquist P, Sjostedt S, Edlund C . Comparative effects of omeprazole, amoxycillin plus metronidazole versus omeprazole, clarithromycin plus metronidazole on the oral, gastric and intestinal microflora in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999; 44(5):629-40. DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.5.629. View

17.

Matsuki T, Watanabe K, Tanaka R, Fukuda M, Oyaizu H . Distribution of bifidobacterial species in human intestinal microflora examined with 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific primers. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999; 65(10):4506-12. PMC: 91600. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.10.4506-4512.1999. View

18.

Liu C, Song Y, McTeague M, Vu A, Wexler H, Finegold S . Rapid identification of the species of the Bacteroides fragilis group by multiplex PCR assays using group- and species-specific primers. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003; 222(1):9-16. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00296-9. View

19.

Fukushima H, Tsunomori Y, Seki R . Duplex real-time SYBR green PCR assays for detection of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in stools. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(11):5134-46. PMC: 262470. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5134-5146.2003. View

20.

Sharma B, Santana I, Wood E, Walt R, Pereira M, Noone P . Intragastric bacterial activity and nitrosation before, during, and after treatment with omeprazole. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984; 289(6447):717-9. PMC: 1442819. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.289.6447.717. View