The Chemokine System in Diverse Forms of Macrophage Activation and Polarization

Overview

Journal Trends Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2004 Nov 9

PMID 15530839

Citations 2861

Authors

Alberto Mantovani

Antonio Sica

Silvano Sozzani

Paola Allavena

Annunciata Vecchi

Massimo Locati

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here we review emerging key properties of different forms of macrophage activation and polarization (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c), which represent extremes of a continuum. In particular, recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.

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