Hormonal Control of Alveolar Development and Its Implications for Breast Carcinogenesis

Overview

Journal J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

Date 2002 Aug 6

PMID 12160085

Citations 50

Authors

Cathrin Brisken

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

During puberty and pregnancy, the breast undergoes major restructuring in order to produce a structure that can secrete and eject copious amounts of milk. By analogy to other branched organs such as the lung or the salivary gland, a large increase in surface area of the specialized epithelium is achieved through repeated ramifications of a system of ducts and alveoli arising from the nipple. In the breast, this process culminates in the appearance of thousands of alveoli or acini, saccular outpouchings from the ductal system. This paper focuses on this final stage of proliferation, the formation of alveolar structures and its control by systemic hormones.

Citing Articles

Advancements in the Application of scRNA-Seq in Breast Research: A Review.

Zhang Z, Ma X, La Y, Guo X, Chu M, Bao P Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 25(24.

PMID: 39769466 PMC: 11677372. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413706.

Different Biomechanical Cell Behaviors in an Epithelium Drive Collective Epithelial Cell Extrusion.

Balasubramaniam L, Jain S, Dang T, Lagoutte E, Marc Mege R, Chavrier P Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024; 11(42):e2401573.

PMID: 39291385 PMC: 11558136. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401573.

Mechanisms that clear mutations drive field cancerization in mammary tissue.

Ciwinska M, Messal H, Hristova H, Lutz C, Bornes L, Chalkiadakis T Nature. 2024; 633(8028):198-206.

PMID: 39232148 PMC: 11374684. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07882-3.

SNAT2-mediated regulation of estrogen and progesterone in the proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells.

Jiang T, Ma X, Liu H, Jia Q, Chen J, Ding Y Amino Acids. 2024; 56(1):17.

PMID: 38393495 PMC: 10891196. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03382-w.

Association between Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Immunohistochemical Profile in Women with Breast Cancer.

Danesh H, Anbiaei R, Ziamajidi N, Farhadian M, Barartabar Z, Abbasalipourkabir R Iran J Med Sci. 2023; 48(5):456-464.

PMID: 37786471 PMC: 10541543. DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2022.95039.2673.

References

Liu X, Robinson G, Wagner K, Garrett L, Wynshaw-Boris A, Hennighausen L . Stat5a is mandatory for adult mammary gland development and lactogenesis. Genes Dev. 1997; 11(2):179-86. DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.2.179. View

Harris J, Lippman M, Veronesi U, Willett W . Breast cancer (1). N Engl J Med. 1992; 327(5):319-28. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199207303270505. View

Meyer J . Cell proliferation in normal human breast ducts, fibroadenomas, and other ductal hyperplasias measured by nuclear labeling with tritiated thymidine. Effects of menstrual phase, age, and oral contraceptive hormones. Hum Pathol. 1977; 8(1):67-81. DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(77)80066-x. View

Couse J, Bunch D, Lindzey J, Schomberg D, Korach K . Prevention of the polycystic ovarian phenotype and characterization of ovulatory capacity in the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse. Endocrinology. 1999; 140(12):5855-65. DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.12.7222. View

Zhou Y, Xu B, Maheshwari H, He L, Reed M, Lozykowski M . A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94(24):13215-20. PMC: 24289. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.24.13215. View

Lindeman G, Wittlin S, Lada H, Naylor M, Santamaria M, Zhang J . SOCS1 deficiency results in accelerated mammary gland development and rescues lactation in prolactin receptor-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 2001; 15(13):1631-6. PMC: 312725. DOI: 10.1101/gad.880801. View

Moon R . Relationship between previous reproductive history and chemically induced mammary cancer in rats. Int J Cancer. 1969; 4(3):312-7. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910040308. View

Ormandy C, Camus A, Barra J, Damotte D, Lucas B, Buteau H . Null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene produces multiple reproductive defects in the mouse. Genes Dev. 1997; 11(2):167-78. DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.2.167. View

Silberstein G, Van Horn K, Shyamala G, DANIEL C . Progesterone receptors in the mouse mammary duct: distribution and developmental regulation. Cell Growth Differ. 1996; 7(7):945-52. View

10.

Seagroves T, Lydon J, Hovey R, Vonderhaar B, Rosen J . C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) controls cell fate determination during mammary gland development. Mol Endocrinol. 2000; 14(3):359-68. DOI: 10.1210/mend.14.3.0434. View

11.

Russo J, Ao X, Grill C, Russo I . Pattern of distribution of cells positive for estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor in relation to proliferating cells in the mammary gland. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999; 53(3):217-27. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006186719322. View

12.

Saji S, JENSEN E, Nilsson S, Rylander T, Warner M, Gustafsson J . Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the rodent mammary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(1):337-42. PMC: 26664. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.337. View

13.

Scully K, Gleiberman A, Lindzey J, Lubahn D, Korach K, Rosenfeld M . Role of estrogen receptor-alpha in the anterior pituitary gland. Mol Endocrinol. 1997; 11(6):674-81. DOI: 10.1210/mend.11.6.0019. View

14.

Brisken C, Kaur S, Chavarria T, Binart N, Sutherland R, Weinberg R . Prolactin controls mammary gland development via direct and indirect mechanisms. Dev Biol. 1999; 210(1):96-106. DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1999.9271. View

15.

Lacey D, Timms E, Tan H, Kelley M, Dunstan C, Burgess T . Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell. 1998; 93(2):165-76. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81569-x. View

16.

Medina D, Peterson L, Moraes R, Gay J . Short-term exposure to estrogen and progesterone induces partial protection against N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in Wistar--Furth rats. Cancer Lett. 2001; 169(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00507-9. View

17.

Fata J, Chaudhary V, Khokha R . Cellular turnover in the mammary gland is correlated with systemic levels of progesterone and not 17beta-estradiol during the estrous cycle. Biol Reprod. 2001; 65(3):680-8. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.3.680. View

18.

Nandi S . Endocrine control of mammarygland development and function in the C3H/ He Crgl mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1958; 21(6):1039-63. View

19.

Cole T, Blendy J, Monaghan A, Krieglstein K, Schmid W, Aguzzi A . Targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene blocks adrenergic chromaffin cell development and severely retards lung maturation. Genes Dev. 1995; 9(13):1608-21. DOI: 10.1101/gad.9.13.1608. View

20.

Fata J, Kong Y, Li J, Sasaki T, Irie-Sasaki J, Moorehead R . The osteoclast differentiation factor osteoprotegerin-ligand is essential for mammary gland development. Cell. 2000; 103(1):41-50. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00103-3. View