Immunoglobulin Response to Intrapulmonary Immunization of Asthmatics

Atopic asthmatics, compared to non-atopic individuals, exhibit an increased amount of serum antigen-specific IgE and IgG4 antibody directed toward many aeroallergens. We tested the hypothesis that this difference between atopics and non-atopics extends to the response to intrapulmonary deposition of a neoantigen, keyhole limpets haemocyanin (KLH). We immunized nine atopic asthmatics and nine non-atopic controls with 500 micrograms KLH instilled into a subsegment of the lingula and examined serum anti-KLH, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, and IgM and specific antibody production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 25 days. We also determined specific antibody in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in both the immunized and a non-immunized lobe 11 days after immunization. We found specific serum antibody in all immunized subjects with no difference between atopics and normals in the amount or kinetics of anti-KLH IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, IgA2 and IgM. However, the atopics exhibited more anti-KLH IgG4 than the normal controls. Specific anti-KLH antibody-producing cells were detected in peripheral blood in most subjects at day 8 to 12 after immunization with no difference between atopics and normals. Specific IgA1, IgA2, IgG1 and IgM antibodies were detected in BALF from the immunized lobes but not from the non-immunized lobes of both groups of subjects with no difference between atopics and normals. We conclude that atopic asthmatics respond to intrapulmonary KLH with more serum anti-KLH IgG4 than normal controls, consistent with a bias toward a Th2 response to intrapulmonary exposure to antigen.