Correlation Between Immunophenotypic Diversity and Clinical Features in B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a highly malignant subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and generally carries a T-cell phenotype with mediastinum or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. However, only a small proportion of LBL exhibit a B-cell phenotype (B-LBL), and these frequently present at the head and neck without mediastinum or CNS involvement. Three immunological subgroups may exist. The most predominant CD10-positive pre-B-cell type, corresponding to a precursor B-cell neoplasm, frequently involves the head and neck. The second, CD10-negative or mature B-cell type, defined by the absence of CD10 or presence of surface membrane immunoglobulins combined with expression of CD19 or CD20, often involves the mediastinum. The final group is a CD5-positive B-cell type corresponding to a blastic variant of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Its clinical course is less aggressive, patients are often older, and nodal lesions are more frequent than extranodal involvement. Thus, B-LBL is immunologically diverse, but its biological behavior correlates with the immunophenotype.