Characterisation of Two Major Cellular Poly(rC)-binding Human Proteins, Each Containing Three K-homologous (KH) Domains

We have revealed and characterised two nucleic-acid-binding proteins, termed PCBP-1 (M(r) 37,525, pI 7.07) and PCBP-2 (M(r) 38,579, pI 6.76), that together with heterogeneous ribonucleoparticle (hnRNP)-K correspond to the major cellular poly(rC)-binding proteins. mRNA for both PCBPs were detected in all the human tissues analysed. Both proteins contain three K-homologous (KH) domains which share similarity with other KH domain proteins, including the fragile-X protein FMR1, and which are positioned as in hnRNP-K and nova, i.e. with two closely spaced domains at the N-terminus and one at the C-terminus. PCBPs do not contain RGG boxes or any other known nucleic-acid-binding motifs. Expression in the vaccinia virus system showed that both proteins are post-translationally modified in vivo, a fact that was confirmed by [32P]orthophosphate labelling. Northwestern-blot analysis showed that the non-phosphorylated forms bind tenaciously to poly(rC) in vitro, while significantly less binding was observed for the phosphorylated variants. Escherichia coli expressed proteins also bound poly(rG), albeit at a lower level. In addition, PCBP-2 bound poly(rU), whereas very little binding to poly(rA) was observed for both proteins.