The Central Localization of the Small and Early Replicating Chromosomes in Human Diploid Metaphase Figures

Overview

Journal Hum Genet

Specialty Genetics

Date 1982 Jan 1

PMID 7106755

Citations 9

Authors

L Hens

M Kirsch-Volders

L Verschaeve

C Susanne

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Centromere-center distances are analyzed in 700 metaphase plates, which belong to four different samples. The descriptive analysis of the chromosome distribution shows that smaller, earlier replicating, genet-dense chromosomes are preferentially found near the metaphase plate center, surrounded by longer chromosomes which finish their replication rather late during S phase. This general pattern is highly constant in diploid metaphase samples and independent of sex, culture time, and number of individuals used in the sample. There is accumulating evidence that this overall distribution is not the result of technical artifacts. The metaphase plate data are complementary to the concept of an interphase nucleus structure in which late-replicating, genetically less active chromatin is accumulated at the periphery of the nucleus, while other, earlier replicating chromatin is connected with the intranuclear matrix. Although the currently available data should not be overinterpreted, an extension of the "bodyguard" hypothesis, which was suggested for C heterochromatin, provides a functional interpretation for these data: The peripherally localized, late-replicating genetic material protects the centrally localized euchromatin against mutagens, clastogens, and maybe also against viruses.

Citing Articles

Non-random radial higher-order chromatin arrangements in nuclei of diploid human cells.

Cremer M, von Hase J, Volm T, BRERO A, Kreth G, Walter J Chromosome Res. 2001; 9(7):541-67.

PMID: 11721953 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012495201697.

Analysis of chromosome positions in the interphase nucleus of Chinese hamster cells by laser-UV-microirradiation experiments.

Cremer T, Cremer C, Schneider T, Baumann H, Hens L, Kirsch-Volders M Hum Genet. 1982; 62(3):201-9.

PMID: 7169211 DOI: 10.1007/BF00333519.

Quantitative studies on the arrangement of human metaphase chromosomes. IX. Arrangement of chromosomes with and without spindle apparatus.

Wollenberg C, Kiefaber M, Zang K Hum Genet. 1982; 62(4):310-5.

PMID: 7166306 DOI: 10.1007/BF00304545.

Position of chromosomes in the human interphase nucleus. An analysis of nonhomologous chromatid translocations in lymphocyte cultures after Trenimon treatment and from patients with Fanconi's anemia and Bloom's syndrome.

Hager H, Vogel F Hum Genet. 1982; 61(4):342-56.

PMID: 7152519 DOI: 10.1007/BF00276599.

Sex chromosome positions in human interphase nuclei as studied by in situ hybridization with chromosome specific DNA probes.

Rappold G, Cremer T, Hager H, Davies K, Muller C, Yang T Hum Genet. 1984; 67(3):317-25.

PMID: 6336321 DOI: 10.1007/BF00291361.

References

Comings D . The rationale for an ordered arrangement of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. Am J Hum Genet. 1968; 20(5):440-60. PMC: 1706348. View

Stahl A, Hartung M . [Spatial distribution of human chromosomes during the prometaphase et metaphase]. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1971; 19(15):705-11. View

Cook P, Hamerton J . Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosome 1. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1979; 25(1-4):9-20. DOI: 10.1159/000131394. View

Hansson A . The influence of culture method on the satellite association pattern in human lymphocytes: macroculture versus microculture. Hereditas. 1970; 66(1):31-4. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1970.tb02332.x. View

ROSENKRANZ W, Fleck S . [The significance of association of satellited chromosomes]. Humangenetik. 1969; 7(1):9-21. DOI: 10.1007/BF00278688. View

Warburton D, Naylor A, Warburton F . Spatial relations of human chromosomes identified by quinacrine fluorescence at metaphase. I. Mean interchromosomal distances and distances from the cell center. Humangenetik. 1973; 18(4):297-306. DOI: 10.1007/BF00291126. View

Klinger H . Rapid processing of primary embryonic tissues for chromosome banding pattern analysis. Cytogenetics. 1972; 11(5):424-35. DOI: 10.1159/000130208. View

KOWARZYK H, STEINHAUS H, Szymaniec S . Arrangement of chromosomes in human cells. II. Distribution in metaphase figures. Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol. 1966; 14(6):401-4. View

Kirsch-Volders M, Hens L, Susanne C . Stability of centromere-center distances in normal human metaphases. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1977; 18(2):61-74. DOI: 10.1159/000130749. View

10.

Mattevi M, Salzano F . Effect of sex, age and cultivation time on number of satellites and acrocentric associations in man. Humangenetik. 1975; 29(4):265-70. DOI: 10.1007/BF00394187. View

11.

Hens L . Chromosome distribution in a23 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Chromosoma. 1976; 57(3):205-17. DOI: 10.1007/BF00295207. View

12.

Comings D . Arrangement of chromatin in the nucleus. Hum Genet. 1980; 53(2):131-43. DOI: 10.1007/BF00273484. View

13.

Pearson P, Bobrow M . Definitive evidence for the short arm of the Y chromosome associating with the X chromosome during miosis in the human male. Nature. 1970; 226(5249):959-61. DOI: 10.1038/226959a0. View

14.

Back E, Zang K . Quantitative studies on the arrangement of human metaphase chromosomes. II. Influence of the preparation technique on the association pattern of the acrocentric chromosomes. Cytogenetics. 1969; 8(5):304-14. View

15.

Cremer T, Cremer C, Baumann H, Luedtke E, Sperling K, Teuber V . Rabl's model of the interphase chromosome arrangement tested in Chinese hamster cells by premature chromosome condensation and laser-UV-microbeam experiments. Hum Genet. 1982; 60(1):46-56. DOI: 10.1007/BF00281263. View

16.

Kirsch-Volders M, Hens L, Van Den Berghe H, Scholberg B, Susanne C . Chromosome distribution studies in XXY karyotypes. J Med Genet. 1982; 19(1):57-62. PMC: 1048820. DOI: 10.1136/jmg.19.1.57. View

17.

Sigmund J, SCHWARZACHER H, Mikelsaar A . Satellite association frequency and number of nucleoli depend on cell cycle duration and NOR-activity. Studies on first, second, and third mitoses of lymphocyte cultures. Hum Genet. 1979; 50(1):81-91. DOI: 10.1007/BF00295594. View

18.

Vogel F, SCHROEDER T . The internal order of the interphase nucleus. Humangenetik. 1974; 25(4):265-97. DOI: 10.1007/BF00336904. View

19.

Hsu T . A possible function of constitutive heterochromatin: the bodyguard hypothesis. Genetics. 1975; 79 Suppl:137-50. View

20.

Berezney R, Buchholtz L . Dynamic association of replicating DNA fragments with the nuclear matrix of regenerating liver. Exp Cell Res. 1981; 132(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90076-8. View