On the Role of Alpha 1-acid Glycoprotein in Lignocaine Accumulation Following Myocardial Infarction

1 Blood plasma and free lignocaine concentrations have been measured 12 h after beginning a constant infusion of 2 mg/min and again at the end of the infusion (36-72 h) in five patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and compared with five control patients who did not develop objective evidence of MI. 2 In MI patients, total plasma concentration rose significantly between 12 h and the end of infusion. Because of an increase in alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) plasma binding increased, so that free drug concentration did not change. The rise in whole blood concentration was less than that in plasma as a result of drug redistribution out of red cells due to enhanced binding. 3 In control patients, neither blood nor plasma concentrations changed with time and plasma binding remained constant. Free drug concentrations, however, rose slightly. 4 The concentrations of GX and MEGX remained unchanged in all patients, but the ratio of lignocaine/MEGX concentrations fell in controls but rose in MI patients. 5 Pharmacokinetic modelling suggested that at least some of the rise in blood lignocaine concentration was due to reduced clearance resulting from enhanced plasma binding. 6 We conclude that the rise in AAG following MI is responsible for increased plasma binding and drug redistribution within blood. These changes, together with a reduction in lignocaine clearance, can explain much of the phenomenon of lignocaine accumulation in MI.