Association of Anti-heart Antibodies and Circulating Immune Complexes in the Post-pericardiotomy Syndrome

The post-pericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is a common complication of cardiac surgery. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of this complication we undertook a prospective, triple blind study of consecutive long term survivors of cardiac surgery. We followed 82 patients and determined anti-heart antibodies (AHA), circulating immune complexes (CIC) and anti-viral antibodies (AVA) on sera pre-operatively and serially post-operatively. According to the clinical features of pericarditis, fever and leucocytosis, patients were divided into three groups: (1) complete PPS with all three symptoms, (2) incomplete PPS with two symptoms and (3) no PPS with one or no symptoms. Clinical PPS was found in 16 patients (19.6%). All of these patients had positive AHA, 12 patients (75%) had increased CIC and five patients (31%) had a four-fold or greater rise in titre to viruses studied. Twenty-four patients (29.2%) had an incomplete PPS. It was accompanied by positive AHA in 17 patients (70.8%), increased CIC in 14 patients (58.3%) and a four-fold rise or greater in virus titre in seven patients (29.2%). No PPS was found in forty-two patients (51.2%). It was accompanied by positive AHA in eight patients (19%), increased CIC in 10 patients (24%) and a four-fold or greater rise in virus titre in 12 patients (28.6%). There was a good correlation between the presence of PPS, AHA, CIC and the type of operation. Heart valve replacement surgery was more frequently complicated by PPS. Development of post-operative AHA and increased CIC were also more frequently found. We found a good correlation between PPS, positive AHA and increased CIC. No correlation was found between PPS and virus serology.