The Release of Acetylcholine from Post-ganglionic Cell Bodies in Response to Depolarization

Overview

Journal J Physiol

Specialty Physiology

Date 1980 Feb 1

PMID 6247485

Citations 10

Authors

D A Johnson

G PILAR

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

1. Acetylcholine (Ach) release from parasympathetic ganglia cell somata was investigated in denervated avian ciliary ganglia. Three days after the input to the ganglion (the oculomotor nerve) was sectioned, all presynaptic nerve terminals had degenerated. 2. Denervated ganglia were shown to contain endogenous ACh and to be capable of synthesizing [3H]ACh from [3H]choline added to the incubation medium. 3. In response to depolarization induced by incubation in 50 mM-[K+]o, denervated ganglia released [3H]ACh into bath effluents in amounts approximately 15% of the non-denervated contralateral control. This release was shown to be Ca2+ dependent in both intact and denervated ganglia. 4. Antidromic electrical stimulation of ciliary nerves also elicited [3H]ACh release. Nicotine (1 microgram/microliter.) depolarized denervated ciliary ganglion cells and evoked release of the transmitter and this release was antagonized by curare. 5. It is concluded that the ganglionic cell bodies sysnthesized ACh and released the transmitter in response to K+ depolarization, antidromic stimulation and cholinergic agonists, despite the lack of morphological specializations usually associated with stimulus-induced release of neurotransmitter. The evidence suggests the existence of a mechanism of transmitter release which is Ca2+ dependent, probably from a cytoplasmic pool and therefore distinct from the usual vesicular release at the nerve terminal.

Citing Articles

A high spatiotemporal study of somatic exocytosis with scanning electrochemical microscopy and nanoITIES electrodes.

Welle T, Alanis K, Colombo M, Sweedler J, Shen M Chem Sci. 2018; 9(22):4937-4941.

PMID: 29938020 PMC: 5994989. DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01131a.

The dynamics of somatic exocytosis in monoaminergic neurons.

Sarkar B, Das A, Arumugam S, Kaushalya S, Bandyopadhyay A, Balaji J Front Physiol. 2012; 3:414.

PMID: 23133421 PMC: 3490137. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00414.

Extrasynaptic exocytosis and its mechanisms: a source of molecules mediating volume transmission in the nervous system.

Trueta C, De-Miguel F Front Physiol. 2012; 3:319.

PMID: 22969726 PMC: 3432928. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00319.

Neurokinin-1 receptors in cholinergic neurons of the rat ventral pallidum have a predominantly dendritic distribution that is affected by apomorphine when combined with startle-evoking auditory stimulation.

Mengual E, Chan J, Lane D, San Luciano Palenzuela M, Hara Y, Lessard A Neuroscience. 2008; 151(3):711-24.

PMID: 18178320 PMC: 2268874. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.08.039.

Re-evaluation of calcium currents in pre- and postsynaptic neurones of the chick ciliary ganglion.

Yawo H, Momiyama A J Physiol. 1993; 460:153-72.

PMID: 7683716 PMC: 1175206. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019464.

References

Miledi R, Slater C . Electrophysiology and electron-microscopy of rat neuromuscular junctions after nerve degeneration. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1968; 169(1016):289-306. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1968.0012. View

Fonnum F . Isolation of choline esters from aqueous solutions by extraction with sodium tetraphenylboron in organic solvents. Biochem J. 1969; 113(2):291-8. PMC: 1184635. DOI: 10.1042/bj1130291. View

PILAR G, JENDEN D, Campbell B . Distribution of acetylcholine in the normal and denervated pigeon ciliary ganglion. Brain Res. 1973; 49(2):245-56. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90421-6. View

Haubrich D . Partial purification and properties of choline kinase (EC 2. 7. 1. 32) from rabbit brain: measurement of acetylcholine. J Neurochem. 1973; 21(2):315-28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb04252.x. View

Fonnum F, Frizell M, Sjostrand J . Transport, turnover and distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the vagus and hypoglossal nerves of the rabbit. J Neurochem. 1973; 21(5):1109-20. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07565.x. View

SHEA P, Aprison M . An enzymatic method for measuring picomole quantities of acetylcholine and choline in CNS tissue. Anal Biochem. 1973; 56(1):165-77. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90181-4. View

Heuser J, Reese T, Landis D . Functional changes in frog neuromuscular junctions studied with freeze-fracture. J Neurocytol. 1974; 3(1):109-31. DOI: 10.1007/BF01111936. View

Dennis M, Miledi R . Electrically induced release of acetylcholine from denervated Schwann cells. J Physiol. 1974; 237(2):431-52. PMC: 1350892. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010490. View

Treistman S, Schwartz J . Injection of radioactive materials into an identified axon of Aplysia. Brain Res. 1974; 68(2):358-64. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90405-3. View

10.

BIRKS R . The relationship of transmitter release and storage to fine structure in a sympathetic ganglion. J Neurocytol. 1974; 3(2):133-60. DOI: 10.1007/BF01098386. View

11.

BIRKS R, Fitch J . Storage and release of acetylcholine in a sympathetic ganglion. J Physiol. 1974; 240(1):125-34. PMC: 1330985. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010603. View

12.

Massarelli R, Ciesielski-Treska J, Ebel A, Mandel P . Choline uptake in glial cell cultures. Brain Res. 1974; 81(2):361-3. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90953-6. View

13.

Szerb J . Endogenous acetylcholine release and labelled acetylcholine formation from [3H]choline in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1975; 53(4):566-74. DOI: 10.1139/y75-080. View

14.

CANTINO D, Mugnaini E . The structural basis for electrotonic coupling in the avian ciliary ganglion. A study with thin sectioning and freeze-fracturing. J Neurocytol. 1975; 4(5):505-36. DOI: 10.1007/BF01351535. View

15.

SUSZKIW J, Beach R, PILAR G . Choline uptake by cholinergic neuron cell somas. J Neurochem. 1976; 26(6):1123-31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb06995.x. View

16.

Bevan S, GRAMPP W, Miledi R . Properties of spontaneous potentials at denervated motor endplates of the frog. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1976; 194(1115):195-210. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1976.0073. View

17.

Murrin L, Kuhar M . Activation of high-affinity choline uptake in vitro by depolarizing agents. Mol Pharmacol. 1976; 12(6):1082-90. View

18.

Ito Y, Miledi R . The effect of calcium-ionophores on acetylcholine release from Schwann cells. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1977; 196(1122):51-8. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1977.0028. View

19.

Katz B, Miledi R . Transmitter leakage from motor nerve endings. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1977; 196(1122):59-72. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1977.0029. View

20.

MCCAMAN R, Stetzler J . Radiochemical assay for ACh: modifications for sub-picomole measurements. J Neurochem. 1977; 28(3):669-71. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10442.x. View