From Present Innovations to Future Potential: The Promising Journey of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Overview

Journal Micromachines (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Date 2025 Mar 6

PMID 40047670

Authors

Pooya Parvizi

Milad Jalilian

Alireza Mohammadi Amidi

Mohammad Reza Zangeneh

Jordi-Roger Riba

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become integral to modern technology, powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. This document explores the complexities and advancements in LIB technology, highlighting the fundamental components such as anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators. It delves into the critical interplay of these components in determining battery performance, including energy density, cycling stability, and safety. Moreover, the document addresses the significant sustainability challenges posed by the widespread adoption of LIBs, focusing on resource depletion and environmental impact. Various recycling practices, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and direct recycling, are evaluated for their efficiency in metal recovery and ecological footprint. The advancements in recycling technologies aim to mitigate the adverse effects of LIB waste, emphasizing the need for sustainable and scalable solutions. The research underscores the importance of ongoing innovation in electrode materials and recycling methodologies, reminding us of our responsibility and commitment to finding and implementing these solutions, as this continuous improvement is crucial to enhance the performance, safety, and sustainability of LIBs, ensuring their continued relevance in the evolving energy storage landscape.

References

Liu D, Shadike Z, Lin R, Qian K, Li H, Li K . Review of Recent Development of In Situ/Operando Characterization Techniques for Lithium Battery Research. Adv Mater. 2019; 31(28):e1806620. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806620. View

Senthilkumar S, Ramasubramanian B, Prasada Rao R, Chellappan V, Ramakrishna S . Advances in Electrospun Materials and Methods for Li-Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel). 2023; 15(7). PMC: 10096578. DOI: 10.3390/polym15071622. View

Barcellona S, Brenna M, Foiadelli F, Longo M, Piegari L . Analysis of Ageing Effect on Li-Polymer Batteries. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015; 2015:979321. PMC: 4506813. DOI: 10.1155/2015/979321. View

Shen C, Fu R, Xia Y, Liu Z . New perspective to understand the effect of electrochemical prelithiation behaviors on silicon monoxide. RSC Adv. 2022; 8(26):14473-14478. PMC: 9079891. DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01917g. View

Ge M, Cao C, Biesold G, Sewell C, Hao S, Huang J . Recent Advances in Silicon-Based Electrodes: From Fundamental Research toward Practical Applications. Adv Mater. 2021; 33(16):e2004577. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004577. View

Wang L, Chen B, Ma J, Cui G, Chen L . Reviving lithium cobalt oxide-based lithium secondary batteries-toward a higher energy density. Chem Soc Rev. 2018; 47(17):6505-6602. DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00322j. View

Xiang Y, Jiang Y, Liu S, Wu J, Liu Z, Zhu L . Improved Electrochemical Performance of 0.5LiMnO·0.5LiNiMnO Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries Synthesized by Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Hydrothermal Method. Front Chem. 2020; 8:729. PMC: 7719797. DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00729. View

Ju Z, Nai J, Wang Y, Liu T, Zheng J, Yuan H . Biomacromolecules enabled dendrite-free lithium metal battery and its origin revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Commun. 2020; 11(1):488. PMC: 6981142. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14358-1. View

Sun S, Zhao X, Yang M, Ma L, Shen X . Facile and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Finger-Like Co₃O₄ Nanorods for Electrochemical Energy Storage. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017; 5(4):2335-2347. PMC: 5304806. DOI: 10.3390/nano5042335. View

10.

Chan M, Wolverton C, Greeley J . First principles simulations of the electrochemical lithiation and delithiation of faceted crystalline silicon. J Am Chem Soc. 2012; 134(35):14362-74. DOI: 10.1021/ja301766z. View

11.

Manzi J, Curcio M, Brutti S . Structural and Morphological Tuning of LiCoPO₄ Materials Synthesized by Solvo-Thermal Methods for Li-Cell Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017; 5(4):2212-2230. PMC: 5304803. DOI: 10.3390/nano5042212. View

12.

Larcher D, Tarascon J . Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage. Nat Chem. 2014; 7(1):19-29. DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2085. View

13.

Tian C, Lin F, Doeff M . Electrochemical Characteristics of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries: Surface, Bulk Behavior, and Thermal Properties. Acc Chem Res. 2017; 51(1):89-96. DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00520. View

14.

Wan G, Guo F, Li H, Cao Y, Ai X, Qian J . Suppression of Dendritic Lithium Growth by in Situ Formation of a Chemically Stable and Mechanically Strong Solid Electrolyte Interphase. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017; 10(1):593-601. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14662. View

15.

Chattopadhyay J, Pathak T, Santos D . Applications of Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2023; 15(19). PMC: 10575090. DOI: 10.3390/polym15193907. View

16.

Lebre E, Owen J, Corder G, Kemp D, Stringer M, Valenta R . Source Risks As Constraints to Future Metal Supply. Environ Sci Technol. 2019; 53(18):10571-10579. PMC: 9936542. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02808. View

17.

Vieceli N, Nogueira C, Guimaraes C, Pereira M, Durao F, Margarido F . Hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium-ion batteries by reductive leaching with sodium metabisulphite. Waste Manag. 2017; 71:350-361. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.032. View

18.

Liu Q, Liu Y, Yang F, He H, Xiao X, Ren Y . Capacity Fading Mechanism of the Commercial 18650 LiFePO-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries: An in Situ Time-Resolved High-Energy Synchrotron XRD Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018; 10(5):4622-4629. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13060. View

19.

Stokes K, Geaney H, Sheehan M, Borsa D, Ryan K . Copper Silicide Nanowires as Hosts for Amorphous Si Deposition as a Route to Produce High Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. Nano Lett. 2019; 19(12):8829-8835. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03664. View

20.

Tarascon J, Armand M . Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature. 2001; 414(6861):359-67. DOI: 10.1038/35104644. View