Recent Advances in Vascular Thiol Isomerases: Insights into Structures, Functions in Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Inhibitor Development

Overview

Journal Thromb J

Publisher Biomed Central

Date 2025 Feb 18

PMID 39962537

Authors

Longguang Jiang

Cai Yuan

Robert Flaumenhaft

Mingdong Huang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Vascular thiol isomerases (VTIs) encompass proteins such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), endoplasmic reticulum protein 5 (ERp5), ERp46, ERp57, ERp72, thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 (TMX1), and TMX4, and play pivotal functions in platelet aggregation and formation of thrombosis. Investigating vascular thiol isomerases, their substrates implicated in thrombosis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms, and the development of inhibitors targeting these enzymes represents a rapidly advancing frontier within vascular biology. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics and functional attributes of VTIs, describe the associations between these enzymes and thrombosis, and outline the progress in developing inhibitors of VTIs for potential antithrombotic therapeutic applications.

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