Comprehensive Assessment of Rapeseed Meal As a Fish Meal Substitute in Hybrid Sturgeon ( ♀ × ♂) Diets: Impacts on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Immunological Responses, Intestinal Histology, and Inflammatory Response

Overview

Journal Aquac Nutr

Publisher Wiley

Date 2025 Feb 14

PMID 39949364

Authors

Wenpeng Zhang

Siyuan Liu

Shidi Wang

Huamin Wang

Kaibo Ge

Yuhong Yang

Shaoxia Lu

Shicheng Han

Haibo Jiang

Changan Wang

Hongbai Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating rapeseed meal (RM) as a partial substitute for fish meal (FM) in the diet of cultured hybrid sturgeon ( ♀ × ♂). A total of 450 juvenile hybrid sturgeon with similar weights were randomly assigned to five dietary groups, each with triplicates of 30 fish per tank. For 12 weeks, FM was replaced with varying percentages of RM (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Results indicated a decreasing trend in final body weight (FBW), weight gain, and survival rates (SRs) as the ratio of RM increased. Growth performance was less affected when the substitution ratio of FM was below 50%. The replacement of FM with RM showed a decreasing trend in crude protein and ash content of sturgeon body composition and no significant effect on moisture and crude lipid content ( > 0.05). Essential amino acids (EAAs) in whole fish, such as methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), and lysine (Lys), increased with higher substitution rates ( > 0.05). The lysozyme (LZM) activities in the pyloric cecum, duodenum, and valve intestine of the sturgeon showed a decreasing trend ( > 0.05). Nevertheless, at a 50% substitution level, sturgeon liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities reached their peak. At 100% substitution, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly higher than in other groups ( < 0.05). At 50% substitution, sturgeon valve intestinal protease activity reached its maximum, and the duodenal villus height (VH) was not significantly different from that of the control group (morphological and structural indices were lower in the treatment groups). Gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF- increased with the substitution ratio, while anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 showed the opposite trend. NF-B and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression increased with substitution ratio, and Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) showed the opposite trend in the intestine. The results of this study suggest that replacing less than 50% of fishmeal with RM in hybrid sturgeon diets can reduce the amount of fishmeal used without compromising fish health.

References

Shao J, Wang L, Shao X, Liu M . Dietary Different Replacement Levels of Fishmeal by Fish Silage Could Influence Growth of by Regulating mTOR at Transcriptional Level. Front Physiol. 2020; 11:359. PMC: 7232572. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00359. View

Giri S, Sen S, Chi C, Kim H, Yun S, Park S . Effect of dietary leucine on the growth parameters and expression of antioxidant, immune, and inflammatory genes in the head kidney of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2015; 167(1-2):36-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.07.004. View

Li C, Zhang B, Liu C, Zhou H, Wang X, Mai K . Effects of dietary raw or Enterococcus faecium fermented soybean meal on growth, antioxidant status, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and inflammatory responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020; 100:261-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.070. View

Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q . Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) suppresses immune function in different intestinal segments of hybrid grouper ♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂Epinephelus lanceolatu via TLR-2/MyD88 signaling pathways. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018; 81:318-328. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.038. View

Ali S, Saha S, Kaviraj A . Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis-optimization by mathematical programming. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2019; 52(2):839-849. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02075-x. View

Zhang W, Tan B, Deng J, Dong X, Yang Q, Chi S . Mechanisms by Which Fermented Soybean Meal and Soybean Meal Induced Enteritis in Marine Fish Juvenile Pearl Gentian Grouper. Front Physiol. 2021; 12:646853. PMC: 8100241. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646853. View

Kumar V, Khalil W, Weiler U, Becker K . Influences of incorporating detoxified Jatropha curcas kernel meal in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diet on the expression of growth hormone- and insulin-like growth factor-1-encoding genes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2011; 97(1):97-108. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01247.x. View

Fiorella K, Okronipa H, Baker K, Heilpern S . Contemporary aquaculture: implications for human nutrition. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021; 70:83-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.014. View

He L, Wang H, Luo L, Jiang S, Liu L, Li Y . Characterization, expression analysis and localization pattern of toll-like receptor 1 (tlr1) and toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) genes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. J Fish Biol. 2016; 89(2):1434-40. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12997. View

10.

Company R, Astola A, Pendon C, Valdivia M, Perez-Sanchez J . Somatotropic regulation of fish growth and adiposity: growth hormone (GH) and somatolactin (SL) relationship. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001; 130(4):435-45. DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(01)00269-1. View

11.

Liu X, Xi Q, Yang L, Li H, Jiang Q, Shu G . The effect of dietary Panax ginseng polysaccharide extract on the immune responses in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2010; 30(2):495-500. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.11.018. View

12.

Sales J . The effect of fish meal replacement by soyabean products on fish growth: a meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2009; 102(12):1709-22. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114509991279. View

13.

Peng K, Wu N, Cui Z, Zhang X, Lu X, Wang Z . Effect of the complete replacement of dietary fish meal by soybean meal on histopathology and immune response of the hindgut in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2020; 221:110009. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110009. View

14.

Tan P, Dong X, Mai K, Xu W, Ai Q . Vegetable oil induced inflammatory response by altering TLR-NF-κB signalling, macrophages infiltration and polarization in adipose tissue of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2016; 59:398-405. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.009. View

15.

Kuebutornye F, Wang Z, Lu Y, Abarike E, Sakyi M, Li Y . Effects of three host-associated Bacillus species on mucosal immunity and gut health of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and its resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019; 97:83-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.046. View

16.

Guo M, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W . The effects of IL-1β, IL-8, G-CSF and TNF-α as molecular adjuvant on the immune response to an E. tarda subunit vaccine in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018; 77:374-384. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.009. View

17.

Li B, Su L, Sun Y, Huang H, Deng J, Cao Z . Evaluation of Cottonseed Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal in Diet for Juvenile Asian Red-Tailed Catfish . Aquac Nutr. 2023; 2023:1741724. PMC: 9973221. DOI: 10.1155/2023/1741724. View

18.

Miao S, Zhao C, Zhu J, Hu J, Dong X, Sun L . Dietary soybean meal affects intestinal homoeostasis by altering the microbiota, morphology and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in northern snakehead. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):113. PMC: 5758704. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18430-7. View

19.

Palti Y, Rodriguez M, Gahr S, Purcell M, Rexroad 3rd C, Wiens G . Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR1 loci in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2010; 28(5-6):918-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.002. View

20.

Kent M, Welladsen H, Mangott A, Li Y . Nutritional evaluation of Australian microalgae as potential human health supplements. PLoS One. 2015; 10(2):e0118985. PMC: 4344213. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118985. View