Emerging Role of Adaptive Immunity in Diabetes-induced Cognitive Impairment: from the Periphery to the Brain

Overview

Journal Metab Brain Dis

Publisher Springer

Date 2025 Jan 17

PMID 39821703

Authors

Genhui Yang

Runtao Su

Jie Bu

Ying Li

Xueling Lin

Jiahui Jin

Yanjun Zhang

Pengwei Zhuang

Hong Guo

Qingsheng Yin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a central nervous system complication induced by peripheral metabolic dysfunction of diabetes mellitus. Cumulative studies have shown that neuro-immune crosstalk is involved in the pathological progression of DCI. However, current studies mostly focus on the interaction between innate immunity cells and neurons, while ignoring the role of adaptive immunity cells in DCI. Notably, recent studies have revealed adaptive immune cells are involved in cognitive development and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Equally important, accumulated past studies have also shown that diabetic patients experience imbalanced peripheral adaptive immune homeostasis and disrupted transmission of adaptive immune cells to the central system. Therefore, this review first updated the cognitive mechanism of adaptive immune regulation, and then summarized the contribution of adaptive immunity to DCI from the aspects of peripheral adaptive immune homeostasis, transmission pathways, and brain tissue infiltration. Furthermore, we also summarized the potential of anti-diabetic drugs to regulate adaptive immunity, and looked forward to the potential value of regulatory adaptive immunity in the prevention and treatment of DCI, to provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of DCI.

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