Prevalence and Zoonotic Risk of Multidrug-Resistant in Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Milk: Insights Into the Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance

Overview

Journal Food Sci Nutr

Date 2025 Jan 16

PMID 39816483

Authors

Tonmoy Chowdhury

Mithu Chandra Roy

Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain

Affiliations

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Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has made antimicrobial resistance a global issue, and milk is a potential source for the propagation of resistant bacteria causing zoonotic diseases. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases, often overlooked and mixed with normal milk in dairy farms, frequently involve , which can spread through contaminated milk. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), antimicrobial susceptibility, and the genetic relatedness of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) isolated from SCM milk. SCM-positive bovine milk was subjected to detection using cultural, biochemical, and molecular methods. Further, we detected STEC virulence genes including stx1, stx2, and eaeA. STEC isolates were tested for ARGs including blaSHV, CITM, tetA, and aac(3)-IV, and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the gene of MDR-STEC. SCM was detected in 47.2% of milk samples of which 50.54% were positive. About 17.20% of isolates contained STEC virulence genes, and was the most prevalent. Moreover, all STEC isolates harbored at least one of the ARGs, while about 43.75% of the isolates carried multiple ARGs. Additionally, all the STEC isolates showed multidrug resistance, and were found to be fully resistant against amoxicillin, followed by ampicillin (87.50%) and gentamycin (75%); and were mostly sensitive to aztreonam (81.25%) and meropenem (68.75%). In phylogeny analysis, the gene of isolated MDR-STEC showed close relatedness with disease-causing non-O157 and O157 strains of different sources including cattle, humans, and food.

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