Inflammatory Monocytes Increase Prior to Detectable HIV-1 Rebound Viremia

Overview

Journal bioRxiv

Date 2025 Jan 7

PMID 39763863

Authors

Anna Farrell-Sherman

Natalia de la Force

Cecila Prator

Renan Valieris

Walker Azam

Israel Da Silva

Steven G Deeks

Cassandra Thanh

Ronald Bosch

Timothy J Henrich

Lillian Cohn

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The persistence of HIV-1 proviruses in latently infected cells allows viremia to resume upon treatment cessation. To characterize the resulting immune response, we compare plasma proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before, during, and after detectable plasma viremia. We observe unique transcriptional signatures prior to viral rebound including a significant increase in CD16 monocytes with increased anti-viral gene expression. Inflammatory proteins were identified in plasma after detectable rebound. Identifying early signals of imminent viral rebound after treatment cessation will aid in the development of strategies to prolong time to viral rebound and cure HIV-1.

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