Considering the Interconnected Nature of Social Identities in Neuroimaging Research

Considerable heterogeneity exists in the expression of complex human behaviors across the cognitive, personality and mental health domains. It is increasingly evident that individual variability in behavioral expression is substantially affected by sociodemographic factors that often interact with life experiences. Here, we formally address the urgent need to incorporate intersectional identities in neuroimaging studies of behavior, with a focus on research in mental health. We highlight how diverse sociodemographic factors influence the study of psychiatric conditions, focusing on how interactions between those factors might contribute to brain biology and illness expression, including prevalence, symptom burden, help seeking, treatment response and tolerance, and relapse and remission. We conclude with a discussion of the considerations and actionable items related to participant recruitment, data acquisition and data analysis to facilitate the inclusion and incorporation of diverse intersectional identities in neuroimaging.