Effect of Fluridone on Roots and Leaf Buds Development in Stem Cuttings of (L.) 'Tortuosa' and Related Metabolic and Physiological Traits

Overview

Journal Molecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2024 Nov 27

PMID 39598799

Authors

Wieslaw Wiczkowski

Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska

Dorota Szawara-Nowak

Wieslaw Kaszubski

Justyna Goraj-Koniarska

Joanna Mitrus

Marian Saniewski

Marcin Horbowicz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl (phenyl)]-4(1H)-pyridone) interferes with carotenoid biosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the conversion of phytoene to phytofluene. Fluridone also indirectly inhibits the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and strigolactones, and therefore, our study indirectly addresses the effect of reduced ABA on the roots and leaf buds development in stem cuttings of L. 'Tortuosa'. The stem cuttings were kept in distilled water (control) or in a solution of fluridone (10 mg/L) in natural greenhouse light and temperature conditions. During the experiments, morphological observations were carried out on developing roots and leaf buds, as well as their appearance and growth. After three weeks of continuous treatments, adventitious roots and leaf buds were collected and analysed. Identification and analysis of anthocyanins were carried out using micro-HPLC-MS/MS-TOF, while HPLC-MS/MS was used to analyse phenolic acids, flavonoids and salicinoids. The fluridone applied significantly inhibited root growth, but the number or density of roots was higher compared to the control. Contents of salicortin and salicin were several dozen times higher in leaf buds than in roots of willow. Fluridone increased the content of salicortin in roots and leaf buds and declined the level of salicin in buds. Fluridone also declined the content of most anthocyanins in roots but enhanced their content in buds, especially cyanidin glucoside, cyanidin galactoside and cyanidin rutinoside. Besides, fluridone markedly decreased the level of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaf buds. The results indicate that applied fluridone solution reduced root growth, caused bleaching of leaf buds, and markedly affected the content of secondary metabolites in the adventitious roots and leaf buds of stem cuttings. The paper presents and discusses in detail the significance of fluridone's effects on physiological processes and secondary metabolism.

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