How Does Physical Activity Modulate Hormone Responses?

Overview

Journal Biomolecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2024 Nov 27

PMID 39595594

Authors

Cristina Mennitti

Gabriele Farina

Antonio Imperatore

Giulia De Fonzo

Alessandro Gentile

Evelina La Civita

Gianluigi Carbone

Rosa Redenta De Simone

Maria Rosaria Di Iorio

Nadia Tinto

Giulia Frisso

Valeria DArgenio

Barbara Lombardo

Daniela Terracciano

Clara Crescioli

Olga Scudiero

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Physical activity highly impacts the neuroendocrine system and hormonal secretion. Numerous variables, both those related to the individual, including genetics, age, sex, biological rhythms, nutritional status, level of training, intake of drugs or supplements, and previous or current pathologies, and those related to the physical activity in terms of type, intensity, and duration of exercise, or environmental conditions can shape the hormonal response to physical exercise. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of physical exercise on hormonal levels in the human body, focusing on changes in concentrations of hormones such as cortisol, testosterone, and insulin in response to different types and intensities of physical activity. Regular monitoring of hormonal responses in athletes could be a potential tool to design individual training programs and prevent overtraining syndrome.

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