Comparative Analysis of Anodized TiO Nanotubes and Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO Nanotubes: Morphological, Structural, and Photoelectrochemical Properties

This study presents a comparative analysis of anodization and hydrothermal techniques for synthesizing TiO nanotubes directly on titanium foil. It emphasizes its advantages as a substrate due to its superior conductivity and efficient charge transfer. Optimized synthesis conditions enable a thorough evaluation of the resulting nanotubes' morphology, structure, and optical properties, ultimately assessing their photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals differences in tube diameter and organization. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows a dominant anatase (101) crystal phase in both methods, with the hydrothermally synthesized nanotubes exhibiting a biphase structure after annealing at 500 °C. UV-Vis and photoluminescence analyses indicate slight variations in band gaps (around 0.02 eV) and recombination rates. The anodized TiO nanotubes, exhibiting superior hydrophilicity and order, demonstrate significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of a model pollutant, amido black (80 vs. 78%), and achieve a 0.1% higher photoconversion efficiency compared to the hydrothermally synthesized tubes. This study underscores the potential advantages of the anodization method for photocatalytic applications, particularly by demonstrating the efficacy of direct TiO nanotube growth on titanium foil for efficient photocatalysis.