Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation for Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Adenomas-Mayo Clinic Experience

Overview

Journal J Endocr Soc

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2024 Nov 6

PMID 39502476

Authors

Maheswaran Dhanasekaran

John Schmitz

Maria Regina Castro

Aadil Rajwani

Robert Alan Lee

Dana Hamadi

John C Morris 3rd

Matthew R Callstrom

Marius N Stan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) constitute 5% to 7% of thyroid nodules and represent the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism following Graves' disease. Currently, radioactive iodine (RAI) and surgery are the standard treatment options, and both incur a risk of postprocedural hypothyroidism and other surgery and radiation-related complications.

Methods: This work aimed at assessing the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as an alternative treatment option for resolving hyperthyroidism and the nodule volume rate reduction (VRR) and its associated adverse events.

Results: A total of 22 patients underwent RFA for a solitary AFTN. Seventy-two percent (n = 16) had subclinical hyperthyroidism, 9% (n = 2) had overt hyperthyroidism, and 18% (n = 4) were biochemically euthyroid on antithyroid medication. Average pretreatment TSH was 0.41 mIU/L (SD = 0.98) and free T4 1.29 ng/dL (SD = 0.33). Following a single RFA session, hyperthyroidism resolved in 90.9% (n = 20) and average VRR (61.13%) was achieved within 3 to 6 months following the ablation. Except for 1 nodule, none of the nodules grew during the follow-up period (16.5 months). Two patients (9%) developed transient tachycardia requiring short-term beta-blocker therapy, and 2 developed mild hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine therapy. Two patients developed recurrent hyperthyroidism and elected to undergo lobectomy and repeat RFA respectively. No serious adverse effects were noted in this cohort.

Conclusion: RAI and/or surgery represent the standard of care for toxic adenomas, but RFA shows excellent efficacy and safety profile. Therefore, at centers with RFA expertise, it should be considered an alternative treatment strategy, avoiding radiation and surgery-related complications.

Citing Articles

Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation for Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Adenomas-Mayo Clinic Experience.

Dhanasekaran M, Schmitz J, Castro M, Rajwani A, Lee R, Hamadi D J Endocr Soc. 2024; 8(12):bvae175.

PMID: 39502476 PMC: 11535713. DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae175.

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