Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Radiation Protection Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Moroccan Dentists

Overview

Journal J Appl Clin Med Phys

Specialties Biophysics
General Medicine

Date 2024 Nov 5

PMID 39498970

Authors

Naoual Elmorabit

Majdouline Obtel

Mohamed Azougagh

Asmaa Marrakchi

Oum Keltoum Ennibi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of dentists' radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices (DRP-KAPs) questionnaire.

Methods: This study was conducted using a stepwise approach. In the first step, items were generated to determine the relevant content and domains after a thorough literature review. In the second step, the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by seven experts using face and content validity. The content validity index for relevance and clarity (I-CVI, S-CVI/Av, and S-CVI/UA) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were performed. Then, the questionnaire was pre-tested with 10 dentists for face validation. In the third step, reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) methods by filling out the questionnaire by 100 dentists practicing in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region, in Morocco.

Results: The finalized DRP-KAPs questionnaire contains 41 items covering knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs). The I-CVIs, S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/AV and CVR values of the 41 items were ≥0.86 for each item, ≥0.82, ≥0.97, and ≥0.71, respectively. With regard to internal consistency reliability, the KR-20 coefficients for the knowledge and practice domains were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and the Cronbach alpha for the attitude domain was 0.73. The DRP-KAPs questionnaire has good reliability with the ICC coefficients for attitude items ranging from 0.57 to 0.95 and Kappa coefficients for knowledge and practice items ranging from 0.64 to 1 and 0.77 to 1, respectively.

Conclusion: The developed DRP-KAPs questionnaire was found to be a noteworthy tool for assessing radiation protection among dentists, with acceptable internal consistency, good ICC and Kappa coefficients, and good content validity indices.

Citing Articles

Development and validation of a questionnaire on radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Moroccan dentists.

Elmorabit N, Obtel M, Azougagh M, Marrakchi A, Ennibi O J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2024; 26(1):e14555.

PMID: 39498970 PMC: 11714091. DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14555.

References

Alavi S, Dabbagh S, Abbasi M, Mehrdad R . Medical radiation workers' knowledge, attitude, and practice to protect themselves against ionizing radiation in Tehran Province, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2017; 6:58. PMC: 5470307. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_126_15. View

Trakman G, Forsyth A, Hoye R, Belski R . Developing and validating a nutrition knowledge questionnaire: key methods and considerations. Public Health Nutr. 2017; 20(15):2670-2679. PMC: 10261290. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017001471. View

Elmorabit N, Obtel M, Azougagh M, Marrakchi A, Ennibi O . Development and validation of a questionnaire on radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Moroccan dentists. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2024; 26(1):e14555. PMC: 11714091. DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14555. View

Zamanzadeh V, Ghahramanian A, Rassouli M, Abbaszadeh A, Alavi-Majd H, Nikanfar A . Design and Implementation Content Validity Study: Development of an instrument for measuring Patient-Centered Communication. J Caring Sci. 2015; 4(2):165-78. PMC: 4484991. DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2015.017. View

Rodrigues I, Adachi J, Beattie K, MacDermid J . Development and validation of a new tool to measure the facilitators, barriers and preferences to exercise in people with osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017; 18(1):540. PMC: 5738121. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1914-5. View

Memon A, Godward S, Williams D, Siddique I, Al-Saleh K . Dental x-rays and the risk of thyroid cancer: a case-control study. Acta Oncol. 2010; 49(4):447-53. DOI: 10.3109/02841861003705778. View

Pittman J, Bakas T . Measurement and instrument design. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2010; 37(6):603-7. DOI: 10.1097/WON.0b013e3181f90a60. View

Sapnas K, Zeller R . Minimizing sample size when using exploratory factor analysis for measurement. J Nurs Meas. 2003; 10(2):135-54. DOI: 10.1891/jnum.10.2.135.52552. View

Yurt A, Ayrancioglu C, Kilinc G, Ergonul E . Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Turkish dentists about radiation protection and radiation safety. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2021; 51(1):20210120. PMC: 8693318. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210120. View

10.

Ismail N, Jimam N, Dapar M, Ahmad S . Validation and Reliability of Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Instrument for Uncomplicated Malaria by Rasch Measurement Model. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 10:1521. PMC: 6968786. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01521. View

11.

Sutkowska E, Marciniak D, Koszewicz M, Dziadkowiak E, Budrewicz S, Biernat K . Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. World J Diabetes. 2023; 14(4):435-446. PMC: 10130898. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.435. View

12.

Sim J, Wright C . The kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements. Phys Ther. 2005; 85(3):257-68. View

13.

Schroderus-Salo T, Hirvonen L, Henner A, Ahonen S, Kaariainen M, Miettunen J . Development and validation of a psychometric scale for assessing healthcare professionals' knowledge in radiation protection. Radiography (Lond). 2019; 25(2):136-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2018.12.010. View

14.

Park D . Development and Validation of a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire on COVID-19 (KAP COVID-19). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(14). PMC: 8303280. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147493. View

15.

Gillies R, Quinonez C, Wood R, Lam E . The use of radiographic imaging technologies by general dentists in Ontario, Canada. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2020; 131(4):475-484. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.007. View

16.

Polit D, Tatano Beck C . The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2006; 29(5):489-97. DOI: 10.1002/nur.20147. View

17.

De Felice F, Di Carlo G, Saccucci M, Tombolini V, Polimeni A . Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Children: Clinical Effectiveness and Cancer Risk due to Radiation Exposure. Oncology. 2019; 96(4):173-178. DOI: 10.1159/000497059. View

18.

Bolarinwa O . Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of questionnaires used in social and health science researches. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2016; 22(4):195-201. DOI: 10.4103/1117-1936.173959. View

19.

Mahabob M, Alabdulsalam M, Alabduladhem A, Alfayz S, Alzuriq A, Almomin A . Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about radiation safety among the undergraduates in Eastern province dental college. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2022; 13(Suppl 2):S1442-S1447. PMC: 8686986. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_248_21. View

20.

Amponsah A, Bam V, Stolt M, Korhonen J, Axelin A . Evaluating the content validity of two versions of an instrument used in measuring pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes in the Ghanaian context. PLoS One. 2020; 15(11):e0241983. PMC: 7647094. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241983. View