Genotypic Diversity Among Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Overview

Journal Int J Clin Microbiol

Date 2024 Nov 1

PMID 39483419

Authors

Susan Mutile Kavai

Julius Oyugi

Cecilia Mbae

Celestine Wairimu

Kelvin Kering

Collins Kebenei

Peter Muturi

Sylvia Omulo

Samuel Kariuki

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The persistence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Typhi (. Typhi) is a challenge especially in regions where typhoid is endemic. Surveillance of circulating genotypes of MDR . Typhi is crucial in typhoid acute cases and carriers. This study aimed to investigate genotypic diversity of . Typhi from symptomatic and asymptomatic children in endemic settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals' ≤ 16 years were recruited at four health facilities and tested for typhoid through stool cultures. The . Typhi isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to investigate multidrug resistance. The MDR . Typhi isolates' DNA was extracted and illumina sequenced. Raw reads were assembled and analyzed by pathogen-watch. From the 90 sequenced isolates, 60 (67%) were confirmed to be . Typhi (sequence Type 1 and genotype 4.3.1). Out of the 60 . Typhi strains; 39 (65%) had plasmids, from these 38 (97%) had plasmids alone. Out of the 60, 59 (98%) . Typhi isolates had . Point mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to quinolones were detected in 42 (70%) of . Typhi isolates, from these; 14 (33%) had , and 28 (67%) genes, respectively. This study reports 4.3.1 (H58) as the most dominant . Typhi genotype responsible for spread of MDR phenotypes carried on plasmids. Presence of MDR . Typhi with resistance genes such as and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin especially among asymptomatic individuals, reiterates the need for use of typhoid conjugate vaccine among vulnerable children as a control and prevention measure against typhoid.

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