Comprehensive, Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Family Under Abiotic Stresses in

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) acts as the rate-limiting enzyme for anthocyanin biosynthesis through the phenylpropanoid pathway, a crucial component of plant secondary metabolism. The gene family plays a crucial role in plants' defense and stress responses, but its in silico identification and expression analyses in under different abiotic stresses remain unexplored. In this study, nine , seven , four , and seventeen genes were obtained from the genomes of , , , and , respectively. Segmental duplication and purifying selection are the causes of the gene's amplification and evolution. The genes with comparable intron-exon architectures and motifs were grouped together in the same clade. Three categories comprised the -regulatory elements: abiotic stressors, phytohormones, and light. According to the results of the qRT-PCR experiments, the majority of the genes were expressed highly under MeJA, a low temperature, and a high temperature, and they were downregulated under ABA. Under white light (100 µmol m s) with 50, 100, or 150 µmol m s far-red (FR), only a small number of the genes were expressed at 50 and 100 µmol m s FR, while the majority of the genes were slightly elevated at 150 µmol m s FR. This work offers a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding research to investigate the role of genes and their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis.