Association of Mite Molecular Sensitization Profiles with Respiratory Allergies and Asthma Control in Children from East China

Background: Allergic conditions, identified as a significant global health challenge, are profoundly influenced by indoor allergens, especially house dust mites (HDM). Yet the relationship between mite sensitized components and respiratory allergies and asthma control remains poorly understood.

Methods: A cohort of 96 children, either with allergic rhinitis (AR) or rhinitis with asthma syndrome (ARAS), was assessed. Protein microarray technology was deployed to quantify sIgE responses to the allergenic components of Der p and Der f.

Results: The study cohort comprised 18 AR and 78 ARAS patients; with 43 mild and 53 moderate-to-severe AR; with 28 uncontrolled, 21 partially controlled, and 29 well-controlled asthma. Sensitization prevalence for HDM components was highest with Der p (97.9%), Der f 2 (97.9%), Der p 2 (94.8%), Der f 1(94.8%), Der p 1 (93.8%), Der p 23 (57.3%). Notably, sIgE concentrations for Der f and Der f 2 were significantly greater in the ARAS compared to AR (P < 0.05). While sIgE levels varied between mild and moderate-to-severe AR, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, Der p 23 sIgE levels demonstrated a significant fluctuation across the asthma control strata (P < 0.05), with the well-controlled group exhibiting the lowest readings.

Conclusion: The sIgE levels to HDM allergens were higher in ARAS group compared to AR group, especially Der f and Der f 2, indicating an association between sIgE reactivity and the diagnosis of asthma. Reduced Der p 23 sIgE levels were indicative of enhanced asthma control.