Natural Plant-derived Polysaccharides Targeting Macrophage Polarization: a Promising Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy

Overview

Journal Front Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2024 Oct 1

PMID 39351237

Authors

Jingyang Wei

Yanpeng Dai

Ni Zhang

Zijian Wang

Xinchen Tian

Tinghao Yan

Xiaohan Jin

Shulong Jiang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines induce the differentiation of macrophages into distinct types of TAMs, primarily characterized by two phenotypes: M1-polarized and M2-polarized. Cancer growth is suppressed by M1-polarized macrophages and promoted by M2-polarized macrophages. The regulation of macrophage M1 polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances found in numerous plants, manifesting a wide range of noteworthy biological actions, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor effects, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties of polysaccharides derived from plants. The regulatory impact of polysaccharides on the immune system is mainly associated with the natural immune response, especially with the regulation of macrophages. This review provides a thorough analysis of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides on TAMs. Additionally, an analysis of potential opportunities for clinical translation of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants is presented. These insights have greatly advanced the research of plant polysaccharides for immunotherapy in tumor-related applications.

References

Franklin R, Liao W, Sarkar A, Kim M, Bivona M, Liu K . The cellular and molecular origin of tumor-associated macrophages. Science. 2014; 344(6186):921-5. PMC: 4204732. DOI: 10.1126/science.1252510. View

Cao W, Li X, Wang X, Li T, Chen X, Liu S . Characterizations and anti-tumor activities of three acidic polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009; 46(1):115-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.11.005. View

Guo L, Liu J, Hu Y, Wang D, Li Z, Zhang J . Astragalus polysaccharide and sulfated epimedium polysaccharide synergistically resist the immunosuppression. Carbohydr Polym. 2012; 90(2):1055-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.042. View

Arnaout M . Structure and function of the leukocyte adhesion molecules CD11/CD18. Blood. 1990; 75(5):1037-50. View

Sun Y, Diao F, Niu Y, Li X, Zhou H, Mei Q . Apple polysaccharide prevents from colitis-associated carcinogenesis through regulating macrophage polarization. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 161:704-711. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.121. View

Gao Z, Liu K, Tian W, Wang H, Liu Z, Li Y . Effects of selenizing angelica polysaccharide and selenizing garlic polysaccharide on immune function of murine peritoneal macrophage. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 27(1):104-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.052. View

Jeon H, Oh S, Kum E, Seo S, Park Y, Kim G . Immunomodulatory Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Black Radish on Mouse Macrophages via the TLR2/4-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022; 15(11). PMC: 9697478. DOI: 10.3390/ph15111376. View

Wang X, Gao A, Jiao Y, Zhao Y, Yang X . Antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of antioxidant polysaccharides from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017; 108:625-634. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.006. View

Xuan W, Qu Q, Zheng B, Xiong S, Fan G . The chemotaxis of M1 and M2 macrophages is regulated by different chemokines. J Leukoc Biol. 2014; 97(1):61-9. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1A0314-170R. View

10.

Qu D, Lian S, Hu H, Sun W, Si H . Characterization and macrophages immunomodulatory activity of two water-soluble polysaccharides from . Front Nutr. 2022; 9:969512. PMC: 9441930. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969512. View

11.

Xie X, Tang M, Yi S, He Y, Chen S, Zhao Y . Polysaccharide of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr regulates macrophage immune response and epigenetic memory through TLR4-JNK/p38/ERK signaling pathway and histone modification. Phytomedicine. 2024; 124:155294. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155294. View

12.

Han S, Park S, Lee K, Lee C, Lee S, Kim H . Polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum selectively activates B cells and macrophages but not T cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001; 1(11):1969-78. DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00124-2. View

13.

Li Q, Hao Z, Hong Y, He W, Zhao W . Reprogramming Tumor Associated Macrophage Phenotype by a Polysaccharide from for Sarcoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(12). PMC: 6320939. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123816. View

14.

Xie H, Fang J, Farag M, Li Z, Sun P, Shao P . leaf polysaccharides regulation of immune response and gut microbiota composition in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Food Chem X. 2022; 13:100235. PMC: 9039934. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100235. View

15.

Bamodu O, Kuo K, Wang C, Huang W, Wu A, Tsai J . (PG2) Enhances the M1 Polarization of Macrophages, Functional Maturation of Dendritic Cells, and T Cell-Mediated Anticancer Immune Responses in Patients with Lung Cancer. Nutrients. 2019; 11(10). PMC: 6836209. DOI: 10.3390/nu11102264. View

16.

Li C, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Lai J . Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect. Arch Pharm Res. 2022; 45(6):367-389. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01393-3. View

17.

Mokhtari Y, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Zafari P, Bagheri N, Ghaffari S, Bashash D . Toll-like receptors (TLRs): An old family of immune receptors with a new face in cancer pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2020; 25(2):639-651. PMC: 7812258. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16214. View

18.

Jin M, Jin W . The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020; 5(1):166. PMC: 7447642. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00280-x. View

19.

Wei H, Shi Y, Yuan Z, Huang Z, Cai F, Zhu J . Isolation, Identification, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polysaccharides of . Biomacromolecules. 2021; 22(6):2451-2459. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00235. View

20.

Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang C, Fu S, Zhang J, Fu C . Extraction, structural characterization, and immunoregulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Int J Biol Macromol. 2019; 143:314-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.208. View