Competitive, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1

Overview

Journal J Clin Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 1985 Jul 1

PMID 3926815

Citations 17

Authors

J Parsonnet

J T Mills

Z A Gillis

G B Pier

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We developed a competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). Polyvalent immunoglobulin G from immunized rabbits was used as the capture antibody, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated to purified toxin served as the indicator enzyme. A standard curve was generated with each experiment, from which the concentration of toxin in culture supernatants was extrapolated. The assay was useful for determining toxin concentrations of 0.03 to 0.5 micrograms/ml, which is a substantial, practical improvement over immunodiffusion methods. Staphylococcal enterotoxins A through E were not significantly cross-reactive in the assay, and staphylococcal protein A did not interfere with quantitation of TSST-1. By testing a variety of staphylococcal strains, we found 100% concordance between toxin determinations made with our assay and those made by the investigators from whom the strains were obtained. The competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a highly reproducible, inexpensive means of determining TSST-1 concentrations and may have broad applicability in the field of toxic shock research.

Citing Articles

Persistence survey of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 producing Staphylococcus aureus and serum antibodies to this superantigen in five groups of menstruating women.

Parsonnet J, Hansmann M, Seymour J, Delaney M, DuBois A, Modern P BMC Infect Dis. 2010; 10:249.

PMID: 20731864 PMC: 2936898. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-249.

Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and antibody to TSST-1 among healthy Japanese women.

Parsonnet J, Goering R, Hansmann M, Jones M, Ohtagaki K, Davis C J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(8):2731-8.

PMID: 18550735 PMC: 2519460. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00228-08.

Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of antibodies to this superantigen in menstruating women.

Parsonnet J, Hansmann M, Delaney M, Modern P, DuBois A, Wieland-Alter W J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(9):4628-34.

PMID: 16145118 PMC: 1234102. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4628-4634.2005.

Diversity of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates.

Warner J, Onderdonk A Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004; 70(11):6931-5.

PMID: 15528567 PMC: 525155. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6931-6935.2004.

Method for optimizing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis banding pattern data.

Warner J, Onderdonk A J Mol Diagn. 2003; 5(1):21-7.

PMID: 12552076 PMC: 2216700. DOI: 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60447-3.

References

Parsonnet J, Hickman R, Eardley D, Pier G . Induction of human interleukin-1 by toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1. J Infect Dis. 1985; 151(3):514-22. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/151.3.514. View

Fey H, Pfister H, Ruegg O . Comparative evaluation of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, and D. J Clin Microbiol. 1984; 19(1):34-8. PMC: 270973. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.19.1.34-38.1984. View

Robbins R, Gould S, Bergdoll M . Detecting the enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Appl Microbiol. 1974; 28(6):946-50. PMC: 186861. DOI: 10.1128/am.28.6.946-950.1974. View

Ikejima T, Dinarello C, Gill D, Wolff S . Induction of human interleukin-1 by a product of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1984; 73(5):1312-20. PMC: 425153. DOI: 10.1172/JCI111334. View

van Miert A, van Duin C, Schotman A . Comparative observations of fever and associated clinical hematological and blood biochemical changes after intravenous administration of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and F (toxic shock syndrome toxin-1) in goats. Infect Immun. 1984; 46(2):354-60. PMC: 261538. DOI: 10.1128/iai.46.2.354-360.1984. View

Reiser R, Robbins R, Khoe G, Bergdoll M . Purification and some physicochemical properties of toxic-shock toxin. Biochemistry. 1983; 22(16):3907-12. DOI: 10.1021/bi00285a028. View

Notermans S, Dufrenne J . A simple purification method for enterotoxin F produced by Staphylococcus aureus and some properties of the toxin. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1982; 48(5):447-55. DOI: 10.1007/BF00448416. View

de Azavedo J, Arbuthnott J . Toxicity of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in rabbits. Infect Immun. 1984; 46(2):314-7. PMC: 261532. DOI: 10.1128/iai.46.2.314-317.1984. View

Bergdoll M, Crass B, Reiser R, Robbins R, Davis J . A new staphylococcal enterotoxin, enterotoxin F, associated with toxic-shock-syndrome Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Lancet. 1981; 1(8228):1017-21. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92186-3. View

10.

Notermans S, Timmermans P, Nagel J . Interaction of staphylococcal protein A in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting staphylococcal antigens. J Immunol Methods. 1982; 55(1):35-41. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90074-6. View

11.

RITZ H, Kirkland J, Bond G, Warner E, Petty G . Association of high levels of serum antibody to staphylococcal toxic shock antigen with nasal carriage of toxic shock antigen-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun. 1984; 43(3):954-8. PMC: 264277. DOI: 10.1128/iai.43.3.954-958.1984. View

12.

Hallander H . PRODUCTION OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF ENTEROTOXIN B AND OTHER STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXINS ON SOLID MEDIA. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965; 63:299-305. DOI: 10.1111/apm.1965.63.2.299. View

13.

Freed R, Evenson M, Reiser R, Bergdoll M . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982; 44(6):1349-55. PMC: 242195. DOI: 10.1128/aem.44.6.1349-1355.1982. View

14.

Igarashi H, Fujikawa H, Usami H, Kawabata S, Morita T . Purification and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus FRI 1169 and 587 toxic shock syndrome exotoxins. Infect Immun. 1984; 44(1):175-81. PMC: 263489. DOI: 10.1128/iai.44.1.175-181.1984. View

15.

KAUFFMAN P . Enzyme immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin A. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1980; 63(5):1138-43. View

16.

Fey H . Simple assay for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C: modification of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1978; 8(5):473-9. PMC: 275282. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.8.5.473-479.1978. View

17.

Surujballi O, Fackrell H . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. J Clin Microbiol. 1984; 19(3):394-8. PMC: 271072. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.394-398.1984. View

18.

Saunders G, Bartlett M . Double-antibody solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977; 34(5):518-22. PMC: 242693. DOI: 10.1128/aem.34.5.518-522.1977. View

19.

Fey H, Burkhard G . Measurement of staphylococcal protein A and detection of protein A-carrying staphylococcus strains by a competitive ELISA method. J Immunol Methods. 1981; 47(1):99-107. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(81)90260-x. View

20.

Berdal B, Olsvik O, Omland T . A sandwich ELISA method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1981; 89(6):411-5. View