Pall. Ex Link Extract Reveals Amoebicidal Activity Against and with Low Toxicity to Human Corneal Cells

Overview

Journal Microorganisms

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Aug 29

PMID 39203500

Authors

Huong Giang Le

Buyng Su Hwang

Ji-Su Choi

Yong Tae Jeong

Jung-Mi Kang

Tun Cung Vo

Young Taek Oh

Byoung-Kuk Na

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening and difficult-to-treat ocular infection. The significant side effects of current AK treatments highlight the urgent need to develop a safe and effective AK medication. In this study, the amoebicidal activity of Pall. ex Link extract (ISE) against was examined and its specific amoebicidal mechanism was explored. ISE induced significant morphological changes in trophozoites and exhibited amoebicidal activity against and . ISE was further fractionated into five subfractions by sequential extraction with -hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, -butanol, and water, and their amoebicidal activities and underlying amoebicidal mechanisms were investigated. The -butanol subfraction of ISE (ISE-BuOH) displayed selective amoebicidal activity against the species with minimal cytotoxicity in human corneal cells (HCE-2). ISE-BuOH triggered apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) in amoebae, characterized by DNA fragmentation, increased ROS production, and caspase-3 activity elevation. ISE-BuOH also demonstrated a partial cysticidal effect against the amoeba species. ISE-BuOH could be a promising candidate in the development of therapeutic drugs for AK.

Citing Articles

Effects of Floral Characters on the Pollination Biology and Breeding System of (Iridaceae): A Cold-Tolerant Ornamental Species from Jilin Province.

Zhang X, Liu R, Chen L, Pei T, Gao Y, Lu X Biology (Basel). 2025; 14(1).

PMID: 39857233 PMC: 11759819. DOI: 10.3390/biology14010002.

References

Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral G . Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16(2):273-307. PMC: 153146. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.2.273-307.2003. View

Lorenzo-Morales J, Martin-Navarro C, Lopez-Arencibia A, Arnalich-Montiel F, Pinero J, Valladares B . Acanthamoeba keratitis: an emerging disease gathering importance worldwide?. Trends Parasitol. 2013; 29(4):181-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.01.006. View

Wollenweber E, Stevens J, Klimo K, Knauft J, Frank N, Gerhauser C . Cancer chemopreventive in vitro activities of isoflavones isolated from Iris germanica. Planta Med. 2003; 69(1):15-20. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37030. View

Malinski M, Budzianowski J, Kikowska M, Derda M, Jaworska M, Mlynarczyk D . Two Ecdysteroids Isolated from Micropropagated and the Biological Activity of Plant Material. Molecules. 2021; 26(4). PMC: 7914685. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040904. View

Arnoult D, Akarid K, Grodet A, Petit P, Estaquier J, Ameisen J . On the evolution of programmed cell death: apoptosis of the unicellular eukaryote Leishmania major involves cysteine proteinase activation and mitochondrion permeabilization. Cell Death Differ. 2002; 9(1):65-81. DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400951. View

Sayyed K, Hdayed I, Tabcheh M, Abdel-Razzak Z, El-Bitar H . Antioxidant properties of the Lebanese plant x L. crude extracts and antagonism of chlorpromazine toxicity on . Drug Chem Toxicol. 2020; 45(3):1168-1179. DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1810261. View

Kaczanowski S, Sajid M, Reece S . Evolution of apoptosis-like programmed cell death in unicellular protozoan parasites. Parasit Vectors. 2011; 4:44. PMC: 3077326. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-44. View

Boonhok R, Sangkanu S, Chuprom J, Srisuphanunt M, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A . Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes. Pathogens. 2021; 10(7). PMC: 8308471. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070842. View

Mitsuwan W, Bunsuwansakul C, Leonard T, Laohaprapanon S, Hounkong K, Bunluepuech K . ethanol extract and Curcumin inhibit the growth of trophozoites and cysts isolated from water reservoirs at Walailak University, Thailand. Pathog Glob Health. 2020; 114(4):194-204. PMC: 7448885. DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1755551. View

10.

Lakhani S, Masud A, Kuida K, Porter Jr G, Booth C, Mehal W . Caspases 3 and 7: key mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis. Science. 2006; 311(5762):847-51. PMC: 3738210. DOI: 10.1126/science.1115035. View

11.

Benoit-Vical F, Imbert C, Bonfils J, Sauvaire Y . Antiplasmodial and antifungal activities of iridal, a plant triterpenoid. Phytochemistry. 2003; 62(5):747-51. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00625-8. View

12.

Yousefsani B, Boozari M, Shirani K, Jamshidi A, Dadmehr M . A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021; 73(5):611-625. DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab008. View

13.

Le H, Kang J, Vo T, Yoo W, Hong Y, Na B . (‒)-Epicatechin reveals amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii by activating the programmed cell death pathway. Phytomedicine. 2024; 125:155389. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155389. View

14.

Kostic A, Gasic U, Pesic M, Stanojevic S, Barac M, Macukanovic-Jocic M . Phytochemical Analysis and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Rhizome, Above-Ground Vegetative Parts and Flower of Three Iris Species. Chem Biodivers. 2019; 16(3):e1800565. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800565. View

15.

Yanai R, Yamada N, Ueda K, Tajiri M, Matsumoto T, Kido K . Evaluation of povidone-iodine as a disinfectant solution for contact lenses: antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity for corneal epithelial cells. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2006; 29(2):85-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2006.02.006. View

16.

Johnston S, Sriram R, Qvarnstrom Y, Roy S, Verani J, Yoder J . Resistance of Acanthamoeba cysts to disinfection in multiple contact lens solutions. J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47(7):2040-5. PMC: 2708465. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00575-09. View

17.

Boonhok R, Sangkanu S, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Mirzaei F, Mitsuwan W . Amoebicidal activity of extract and its effect on autophagy-related gene expression at the transcriptional level. Parasitology. 2021; 148(9):1074-1082. PMC: 11010062. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182021000718. View

18.

Le H, Kang J, Vo T, Na B . Kaempferol induces programmed cell death in Naegleria fowleri. Phytomedicine. 2023; 119:154994. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154994. View

19.

Nayeri T, Bineshian F, Khoshzaban F, Dalimi Asl A, Ghaffarifar F . Evaluation of the Effects of Rumex obtusifolius Seed and Leaf Extracts Against Acanthamoeba: An in vitro Study. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2020; 21(2):211-219. DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200422111044. View

20.

Dudley R, Jarroll E, Khan N . Carbohydrate analysis of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Exp Parasitol. 2009; 122(4):338-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.04.009. View