Sexually Transmitted Infections in Italian Young and Adult People: A Worrying Positive Trend Hidden by COVID-19 Epidemic

Recent European data show an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly , among young heterosexuals, surpassing pre-pandemic numbers. Italy's varied local health restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic likely affected STI management and reporting. To evaluate COVID-19's impact on STI spread in Italy, we analyzed microbiological data from before and during the pandemic in an area with minimal restrictions on clinical services. This retrospective study (2017-2022) included 5503 subjects: 2586 from STI clinics (STD group) and 3687 diagnosed with primary infertility (ART group). Samples were tested for /, , , and by a multiplex PCR. During the pandemic, overall STI prevalence increased significantly ( < 0.01). was the most frequent microorganism in the STD group (26.1% vs. 23.9%), with a notable increase in women (52.1% vs. 32.7%) ( < 0.001). and positive rates decreased significantly ( < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively). cases rose among young people (19-29), predominantly heterosexual, with high ciprofloxacin resistance. In the ART group, was the most common infection, particularly in young infertile women ( = 0.01). This study indicates a notable rise in STIs among young people, including heterosexuals, despite social restrictions. The long-term impact of this trend requires further evaluation.