Quantitative Electroencephalography and Balance Test Correlations in Patients with Chronic Patellofemoral Pain

Overview

Journal J Biomed Phys Eng

Publisher Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Aug 23

PMID 39175554

Authors

Naghmeh Ebrahimi

Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad

Zahra Rojhani-Shirazi

Mohammad Nami

Ali-Mohammad Kamali

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) is a tool helping better understand the electrical activity of the brain and a non-invasive method to assess cortical activity. To date, the brain activity of patients with chronic patellofemoral pain (PFP) has not been investigated.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of PFP on higher levels of the central nervous system by assessing the correlation between QEEG and modified excursion balance test (mSEBT) in patients with PFP.

Material And Methods: Twenty-two patients with chronic PFP participated in this observational study. Their cortical electrical activity was recorded in a resting state with their eyes open, via a 32-channel QEEG. C3, C4, and Cz were considered as regions of interest. In addition to QEEG, the balance performance of the participants was evaluated via mSEBT.

Results: The obtained findings revealed a negative and moderate to high correlation between theta absolute power and posteromedial direction of mSEBT in C4 (P 0.000, r -0.68), Cz (P 0.001, r -0.66), and C3 (P 0.000, r -0.70). Additionally, a significantly close correlation is between alpha absolute power in C3 (P 0.001, r -0.70), C4 (P 0.000, r -0.71), and Cz (P 0.000, r -0.74) and the posteromedial direction of mSEBT. No significant correlations were between the other two directions of mSEBT, alpha, and theta.

Conclusion: According to our results, balance impairment in patients with chronic PFP correlated with their QEEG neurodynamics. Moreover, our findings demonstrated the efficiency of QEEG as a neuromodulation method for patients with PFP.

Citing Articles

Association between depressive symptoms and dynamic balance among young adults in the community.

Park J, Lee C, Nam Y, Lee H Heliyon. 2024; 10(2):e24093.

PMID: 38293335 PMC: 10826134. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24093.

References

Slobounov S, Sebastianelli W, Hallett M . Residual brain dysfunction observed one year post-mild traumatic brain injury: combined EEG and balance study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012; 123(9):1755-61. PMC: 3513284. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.12.022. View

Prichep L, Roy John E, Howard B, Merkin H, Hiesiger E . Evaluation of the pain matrix using EEG source localization: a feasibility study. Pain Med. 2011; 12(8):1241-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01191.x. View

Crossley K, Bennell K, Green S, Cowan S, McConnell J . Physical therapy for patellofemoral pain: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2002; 30(6):857-65. DOI: 10.1177/03635465020300061701. View

Tse Y, Petrofsky J, Berk L, Daher N, Lohman E, Laymon M . Postural sway and rhythmic electroencephalography analysis of cortical activation during eight balance training tasks. Med Sci Monit. 2013; 19:175-86. PMC: 3628716. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.883824. View

Edwards A, Guven O, Furman M, Arshad Q, Bronstein A . Electroencephalographic Correlates of Continuous Postural Tasks of Increasing Difficulty. Neuroscience. 2018; 395:35-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.040. View

Sigmund K, Bement M, Earl-Boehm J . Exploring the Pain in Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining Signs of Central Sensitization. J Athl Train. 2020; 56(8):887-901. PMC: 8359717. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0190.20. View

Coughlan G, Fullam K, Delahunt E, Gissane C, Caulfield B . A comparison between performance on selected directions of the star excursion balance test and the Y balance test. J Athl Train. 2012; 47(4):366-71. PMC: 3396295. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.03. View

Tracey I, Bushnell M . How neuroimaging studies have challenged us to rethink: is chronic pain a disease?. J Pain. 2009; 10(11):1113-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.09.001. View

Alnahdi A, Alderaa A, Aldali A, Alsobayel H . Reference values for the Y Balance Test and the lower extremity functional scale in young healthy adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016; 27(12):3917-21. PMC: 4713819. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3917. View

10.

Peterson S, Rios E, Ferris D . Transient visual perturbations boost short-term balance learning in virtual reality by modulating electrocortical activity. J Neurophysiol. 2018; 120(4):1998-2010. PMC: 7054635. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00292.2018. View

11.

OLDFIELD R . The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971; 9(1):97-113. DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4. View

12.

Gebel A, Lehmann T, Granacher U . Balance task difficulty affects postural sway and cortical activity in healthy adolescents. Exp Brain Res. 2020; 238(5):1323-1333. PMC: 7237405. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05810-1. View

13.

Lake D, Wofford N . Effect of therapeutic modalities on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Sports Health. 2012; 3(2):182-9. PMC: 3445135. DOI: 10.1177/1941738111398583. View

14.

Saadat Z, Sinaei E, Pirouzi S, Ghofrani M, Nami M . Cortical Activity During Postural Recovery in Response to Predictable and Unpredictable Perturbations in Healthy Young and Older Adults: A Quantitative EEG Assessment. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2021; 12(2):291-300. PMC: 8672669. DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.453.1. View

15.

Hulsdunker T, Mierau A, Neeb C, Kleinoder H, Struder H . Cortical processes associated with continuous balance control as revealed by EEG spectral power. Neurosci Lett. 2015; 592:1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.049. View

16.

Apkarian V, Hashmi J, Baliki M . Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain. Pain. 2010; 152(3 Suppl):S49-S64. PMC: 3045648. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.010. View

17.

Hertel J, Braham R, Hale S, Olmsted-Kramer L . Simplifying the star excursion balance test: analyses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006; 36(3):131-7. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2006.36.3.131. View

18.

Percio C, Brancucci A, Bergami F, Marzano N, Fiore A, Di Ciolo E . Cortical alpha rhythms are correlated with body sway during quiet open-eyes standing in athletes: a high-resolution EEG study. Neuroimage. 2007; 36(3):822-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.054. View

19.

Motealleh A, Barzegar A, Abbasi L . The immediate effect of lumbopelvic manipulation on knee pain, knee position sense, and balance in patients with patellofemoral pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020; 24(3):71-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.01.006. View

20.

Jagger K, Frazier A, Aron A, Harper B . SCORING PERFORMANCE VARIATIONS BETWEEN THE Y-BALANCE TEST, A MODIFIED Y-BALANCE TEST, AND THE MODIFIED STAR EXCURSION BALANCE TEST. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020; 15(1):34-41. PMC: 7015020. View