Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic, Hormonal, and Inflammation Impacts

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2024 Aug 10

PMID 39126053

Authors

Zahra Kolahchi

Nicholas Henkel

Mahmoud A Eladawi

Emma C Villarreal

Prathik Kandimalla

Anna Lundh

Robert E McCullumsmith

Elvis Cuevas

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's disease are women, indicating a profound variance between the sexes. Variances exist between the sexes in the age and intensity of the presentation, cognitive deficits, neuroinflammatory factors, structural and functional brain changes, as well as psychosocial and cultural circumstances. Herein, we summarize the existing evidence for sexual dimorphism and present the available evidence for these distinctions. Understanding these complexities is critical to developing personalized interventions for the prevention, care, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

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