Community Health Services in European Literature: A Systematic Review of Their Features, Outcomes, and Nursing Contribution to Care

Overview

Journal Int Nurs Rev

Specialty Nursing

Date 2024 Jul 29

PMID 39073363

Authors

Valeria Caponnetto

Angelo Dante

Khadija El Aoufy

Maria Ramona Melis

Giulia Ottonello

Francesca Napolitano

Fabio Ferraiuolo

Francesco Camero

Angela Cuoco

Ilaria Erba

Laura Rasero

Loredana Sasso

Annamaria Bagnasco

Rosaria Alvaro

Duilio Fiorenzo Manara

Gennaro Rocco

Maurizio Zega

Giancarlo Cicolini

Beatrice Mazzoleni

Loreto Lancia

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: To meet the population's needs, community care should be customized and continuous, adequately equipped, and monitored.

Introduction: Considering their fragmented and heterogeneous nature, a summary of community healthcare services described in European literature is needed. The aim of this study was to summarize their organizational models, outcomes, nursing contribution to care, and nursing-related determinants of outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase in October 2022 and October 2023 (for updated results). Quantitative studies investigating the effects of community care, including nursing contribution, on patient outcomes were included and summarized. Reporting followed the PRISMA checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022383856).

Results: Twenty-three studies describing six types of community care services were included, which are heterogeneous in terms of target population, country, interventions, organizational characteristics, and investigated outcomes. Heterogeneous services' effects were observed for access to emergency services, satisfaction, and compliance with treatment. Services revealed a potential to reduce rehospitalizations of people with long-term conditions, frail or older persons, children, and heart failure patients. Models are mainly multidisciplinary and, although staffing and workload may also have an impact on provided care, this was not enough investigated.

Discussion: Community health services described in European literature in the last decade are in line with population needs and suggest different suitable models and settings according to different care needs. Community care should be strengthened in health systems, although the influence of staffing, workload, and work environment on nursing care should be investigated by developing new management models.

Conclusions And Implications For Health Policy: Community care models are heterogeneous across Europe, and the optimum organizational structure is not clear yet. Future policies should consider the impact of community care on both health and economic outcomes and enhance nursing contributions to care.

Citing Articles

Community health services in European literature: A systematic review of their features, outcomes, and nursing contribution to care.

Caponnetto V, Dante A, El Aoufy K, Melis M, Ottonello G, Napolitano F Int Nurs Rev. 2024; 71(4):716-728.

PMID: 39073363 PMC: 11600541. DOI: 10.1111/inr.13033.

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