Prevalence and Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Cohort of Greek HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective, Single Center, Observational Study

Overview

Journal Curr HIV Res

Publisher Bentham Science Publishers

Date 2024 Jun 14

PMID 38874038

Authors

Theodoros Androutsakos

Marianna Politou

Sofia Boti

Theodoros Pittaras

Athanasios Kontos

Theodore Kordossis

Abraham Pouliakis

George Panayiotakopoulos

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency (hypovitaminosis D) has been associated with several disorders including autoimmune diseases, like type 1 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular diseases; neoplasms; obesity; insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This problem is common in southern European countries, especially in elderly and institutionalized persons. In HIV-infected individuals, hypovitaminosis D has been correlated with various complications like tuberculosis, hyperparathyroidism, bone mass loss, premature atherosclerosis, and systemic arterial hypertension, deterioration of immune function, progression of the disease and overall mortality.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and causes of hypovitaminosis D in a cohort of Greek HIV-infected patients, as well as possible complications associated with it.

Methods: All patients attending our HIV unit for a period of 5 months were included in this study. Vitamin D status, medical anamnes, and laboratory tests were obtained at baseline; patients were followed for 3 years and HIV-related complications were noted. No patient received vitamin D supplementation during the follow-up period.

Results: Hypovitaminosis D was common, with 83.7% of the patients showing levels below 30 ng/dl and 55.4% below 20 ng/dl. After multivariable analysis, age and duration of treatment were the only significant factors for low vitamin D levels. During follow-up, 26 patients exhibited a total of 34 HIV-related complications, the most common being pneumonocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP). Hypovitaminosis D showed a positive correlation with overall complications, PCP as well as wasting syndrome.

Conclusion: Overall, our study shows that hypovitaminosis D is common in HIV-infected individuals and should probably be treated as soon as possible to protect these patients from serious HIVrelated complications like PCP or wasting syndrome.

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