Evaluating Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon As Key Regulators of Insulin Secretion in the Pancreatic Islet

Overview

Journal Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab

Publisher American Physiological Society

Specialties Endocrinology
Physiology

Date 2024 May 22

PMID 38775725

Authors

Sophie L Lewandowski

Kimberley El

Jonathan E Campbell

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The incretin axis is an essential component of postprandial insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. There are two incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which exert multiple actions throughout the body. A key cellular target for the incretins are pancreatic β-cells, where they potentiate nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. This feature of incretins has made this system an attractive target for therapeutic interventions aimed at controlling glycemia. Here, we discuss the role of GIP in both β-cells and α-cells within the islet, to stimulate insulin and glucagon secretion, respectively. Moreover, we discuss how glucagon secretion from α-cells has important insulinotropic actions in β-cells through an axis termed α- to β-cell communication. These recent advances have elevated the potential of GIP and glucagon as a therapeutic targets, coinciding with emerging compounds that pharmacologically leverage the actions of these two peptides in the context of diabetes and obesity.

Citing Articles

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Wang K, Zhang L, Deng B, Zhao K, Chen C, Wang W Mol Med. 2024; 30(1):259.

PMID: 39707176 PMC: 11660649. DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-01027-y.

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