Exploring the Preventive and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Probiotics in Chronic Kidney Disease Through the Gut-Kidney Axis

Overview

Journal J Agric Food Chem

Specialties Chemistry
Nutritional Sciences

Date 2024 Apr 4

PMID 38571475

Authors

Hsiao-Wen Huang

Ming-Ju Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Gut dysbiosis contributes to deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Probiotics are a potential approach to modulate gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites to alleviate CKD progression. We aim to provide a comprehensive view of CKD-related gut dysbiosis and a critical perspective on probiotic function in CKD. First, this review addresses gut microbial alterations during CKD progression and the adverse effects associated with the changes in gut-derived metabolites. Second, we conduct a thorough examination of the latest clinical trials involving probiotic intervention to unravel critical pathways via the gut-kidney axis. Finally, we propose our viewpoints on limitations, further considerations, and future research prospects of probiotic adjuvant therapy in alleviating CKD progression. Enhancing our understanding of host-microbe interactions is crucial for gaining precise insights into the mechanisms through which probiotics exert their effects and identifying factors that influence the effectiveness of probiotics in developing strategies to optimize their use and enhance clinical outcomes.

Citing Articles

The gut-kidney axis is regulated by astragaloside IV to inhibit cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity.

Han C, Gao R, Zhou L, Li W Front Pharmacol. 2025; 16:1518481.

PMID: 39931687 PMC: 11807982. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1518481.

The Gut-Kidney Axis in Chronic Kidney Diseases.

Tsuji K, Uchida N, Nakanoh H, Fukushima K, Haraguchi S, Kitamura S Diagnostics (Basel). 2025; 15(1.

PMID: 39795549 PMC: 11719742. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15010021.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Nephropathies: Exploring the Gut-Kidney Axis.

De Sire R, La Mantia A, Bonacci L, Testa A, Guarino A, Rispo A Life (Basel). 2025; 14(12.

PMID: 39768250 PMC: 11678131. DOI: 10.3390/life14121541.

Gut microbiota regulates oxidative stress and inflammation: a double-edged sword in renal fibrosis.

Li X, Shan Q, Wu X, Miao H, Zhao Y Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024; 81(1):480.

PMID: 39636415 PMC: 11621299. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05532-5.

Diabetic Kidney Disease: Contribution of Phenyl Sulfate Derived from Dietary Tyrosine upon Gut Microbiota Catabolism.

Liu H, Diep T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yan L Biomolecules. 2024; 14(9).

PMID: 39334919 PMC: 11429668. DOI: 10.3390/biom14091153.

References

Summers S, Quimby J, Isaiah A, Suchodolski J, Lunghofer P, Gustafson D . The fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2018; 33(2):662-669. PMC: 6430892. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15389. View

Thananimit S, Pahumunto N, Teanpaisan R . Characterization of Short Chain Fatty Acids Produced by Selected Potential Probiotic Strains. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(12). PMC: 9775007. DOI: 10.3390/biom12121829. View

Hatch M, Vaziri N . Enhanced enteric excretion of urate in rats with chronic renal failure. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994; 86(5):511-6. DOI: 10.1042/cs0860511. View

Sumida K, Yamagata K, Kovesdy C . Constipation in CKD. Kidney Int Rep. 2020; 5(2):121-134. PMC: 7000799. DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.002. View

Ren Z, Fan Y, Li A, Shen Q, Wu J, Ren L . Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020; 7(20):2001936. PMC: 7578882. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001936. View

Ranganathan N, Ranganathan P, Friedman E, Joseph A, Delano B, Goldfarb D . Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Adv Ther. 2010; 27(9):634-47. DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0059-9. View

Wu W, Bush K, Nigam S . Key Role for the Organic Anion Transporters, OAT1 and OAT3, in the in vivo Handling of Uremic Toxins and Solutes. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):4939. PMC: 5504054. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04949-2. View

Riviere A, Selak M, Lantin D, Leroy F, De Vuyst L . Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7:979. PMC: 4923077. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00979. View

De Angelis M, Montemurno E, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Lauriero G, Maranzano V . Microbiota and metabolome associated with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). PLoS One. 2014; 9(6):e99006. PMC: 4055632. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099006. View

10.

Wang I, Wu Y, Yang Y, Ting I, Lin C, Yen T . The effect of probiotics on serum levels of cytokine and endotoxin in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2015; 6(4):423-30. DOI: 10.3920/BM2014.0088. View

11.

Kuskunov T, Tilkiyan E, Doykov D, Boyanov K, Bivolarska A, Hristov B . The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Uremic Toxins, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients-Results of an Uncontrolled Prospective Single-Arm Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(8). PMC: 10456308. DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081383. View

12.

Hida M, Aiba Y, Sawamura S, Suzuki N, Satoh T, Koga Y . Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Nephron. 1996; 74(2):349-55. DOI: 10.1159/000189334. View

13.

Jung T, Han K, Park J, Hwang H . Butyrate modulates mucin secretion and bacterial adherence in LoVo cells via MAPK signaling. PLoS One. 2022; 17(7):e0269872. PMC: 9282476. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269872. View

14.

Vanholder R, Schepers E, Pletinck A, Nagler E, Glorieux G . The uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014; 25(9):1897-907. PMC: 4147984. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2013101062. View

15.

Zhou Y, Gong W, Xu C, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Xie C . Probiotic assessment and antioxidant characterization of GXL94 isolated from fermented chili. Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:997940. PMC: 9712218. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997940. View

16.

Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P . Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003; 63(5):1934-43. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x. View

17.

Stanford J, Charlton K, Stefoska-Needham A, Ibrahim R, Lambert K . The gut microbiota profile of adults with kidney disease and kidney stones: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Nephrol. 2020; 21(1):215. PMC: 7275316. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01805-w. View

18.

Miranda Alatriste P, Arronte R, Gomez Espinosa C, Espinosa Cuevas M . Effect of probiotics on human blood urea levels in patients with chronic renal failure. Nutr Hosp. 2014; 29(3):582-90. DOI: 10.3305/nh.2014.29.3.7179. View

19.

Suez J, Zmora N, Elinav E . Probiotics in the next-generation sequencing era. Gut Microbes. 2019; 11(1):77-93. PMC: 6973336. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1586039. View

20.

Ouwehand A, Invernici M, Furlaneto F, Messora M . Effectiveness of Multistrain Versus Single-strain Probiotics: Current Status and Recommendations for the Future. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018; :S35-S40. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001052. View