Duration of Fermentation Affects Microbiome Composition and Biological Activity of an Indian Traditional Formulation - Panchagavya

Overview

Journal J Ayurveda Integr Med

Publisher Elsevier

Date 2024 Mar 8

PMID 38457966

Authors

Gemini Gajera

Snehal Funde

Hanmanthrao Palep

Vijay Kothari

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed at investigating whether the duration of fermenting Panchagavya (PG) preparation in copper vessel affects its biological activity and microbiome composition.

Materials And Methods: Prophylactic potential of PG against bacterial infection was assessed through an in vivo assay employing the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host. Bacterial diversity of the PG samples was revealed through metagenomic analysis.

Results: Duration of fermentation was found to affect biological activity as well as microbiome composition of the PG samples. PG-samples fermented ≥60 min lost their prophylactic potential, and develop anthelmintic activity. Bacterial phyla whose relative abundance was significantly different between the prophylactic and anthelmintic PG samples were Planctomycetota, Proteabacteria, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Campilobacterota.

Conclusion: This study validates the prophylactic potential of Panchagavya against bacterial pathogens, and shows that duration of the fermentation time while preparing PG can have profound effect on its biological activities. Biological activities of PG samples seem to have a correlation with their inherent microbial community. Metagenomic profiling can be an effective tool for standardization of PG formulations.

References

Nagarajan D, Rajarathnam M . Bacterial Community Structure of Panchagavya, a Fermented Liquid Bio-manure, as Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene Amplicons. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2022; 11(2):e0094121. PMC: 8812305. DOI: 10.1128/mra.00941-21. View

Shen X, Miao J, Wan Q, Wang S, Li M, Pu F . Possible correlation between gut microbiota and immunity among healthy middle-aged and elderly people in southwest China. Gut Pathog. 2018; 10:4. PMC: 5806246. DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0231-3. View

Anju V, Busi S, Ranganathan S, Ampasala D, Kumar S, Suchiang K . Sesamin and sesamolin rescues Caenorhabditis elegans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through the attenuation of quorum sensing regulated virulence factors. Microb Pathog. 2021; 155:104912. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104912. View

Kim S, Zou G, Kim H, Kang M, Ahn S, Heo H . Antimicrobial activity of the membrane-active compound nTZDpa is enhanced at low pH. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022; 150:112977. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112977. View

Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P . The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012; 41(Database issue):D590-6. PMC: 3531112. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1219. View

Patel P, Joshi C, Funde S, Palep H, Kothari V . Prophylactic potential of a formulation against certain pathogenic bacteria. F1000Res. 2018; 7:1612. PMC: 6206607. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16485.1. View

Ewels P, Magnusson M, Lundin S, Kaller M . MultiQC: summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report. Bioinformatics. 2016; 32(19):3047-8. PMC: 5039924. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw354. View

Yang T, Hsieh Y, Kao L, Liu G, Lian S, Wang L . Activities of imipenem-relebactam combination against carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021; 55(1):86-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.02.001. View

Bokulich N, Kaehler B, Rideout J, Dillon M, Bolyen E, Knight R . Optimizing taxonomic classification of marker-gene amplicon sequences with QIIME 2's q2-feature-classifier plugin. Microbiome. 2018; 6(1):90. PMC: 5956843. DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0470-z. View

10.

Troy E, Kasper D . Beneficial effects of Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharides on the immune system. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2009; 15(1):25-34. PMC: 2995369. DOI: 10.2741/3603. View

11.

Higashimura Y, Naito Y, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Ushiroda C . Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016; 310(6):G367-75. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00324.2015. View

12.

Ravi Teja C, Karlapudi A, Vallur N, Mamatha K, John Babu D, Venkateswarulu T . Antioxidant potential and optimization of production of extracellular polysaccharide by Acinetobacter indicus M6. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2021; 19(1):39. PMC: 7954930. DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00137-y. View

13.

Gryaznova M, Dvoretskaya Y, Burakova I, Syromyatnikov M, Popov E, Kokina A . Dynamics of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice Fed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(5). PMC: 9144108. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051020. View

14.

Yang J, Li Y, Wen Z, Liu W, Meng L, Huang H . Oscillospira - a candidate for the next-generation probiotics. Gut Microbes. 2021; 13(1):1987783. PMC: 8547878. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987783. View

15.

Shin N, Whon T, Bae J . Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota. Trends Biotechnol. 2015; 33(9):496-503. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.06.011. View

16.

Bartley A, Yang T, Arocha R, Malphurs W, Larkin R, Magee K . Increased Abundance of Lactobacillales in the Colon of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Knock Out Mouse Is Associated With Increased Gut Bacterial Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Reduced IL17 Expression in Circulating CD4 Immune Cells. Front Physiol. 2018; 9:1593. PMC: 6242911. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01593. View

17.

Tamura M, Hoshi C, Kobori M, Takahashi S, Tomita J, Nishimura M . Quercetin metabolism by fecal microbiota from healthy elderly human subjects. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11):e0188271. PMC: 5703521. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188271. View

18.

Callahan B, McMurdie P, Rosen M, Han A, Johnson A, Holmes S . DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods. 2016; 13(7):581-3. PMC: 4927377. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3869. View

19.

Huang T, Zeng M, Fu H, Zhao K, Song T, Guo Y . A novel antibiotic combination of linezolid and polymyxin B octapeptide PBOP against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2022; 21(1):38. PMC: 9422153. DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00531-5. View

20.

Odamaki T, Kato K, Sugahara H, Hashikura N, Takahashi S, Xiao J . Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study. BMC Microbiol. 2016; 16:90. PMC: 4879732. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0708-5. View