Insight into Small Eyes: a Practical Description from Phenotypes Presentations to the Management

Overview

Journal Int J Ophthalmol

Specialty Ophthalmology

Date 2024 Feb 19

PMID 38371260

Authors

Sana Niazi

Sorcha Ni Dhubhghaill

Farideh Doroodgar

Zisis Gatzioufas

Mohammad Hossein Dehghan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This narrative review aimed to have an algorithmic approach to microphthalmos by a systematic search. The definition can be related to a number of special phenotypes. In the more challenging cases of complex microphthalmos, relative anterior microphthalmos, and nanophthalmos, the surgeon can approach these cases more safely if they have a deep understanding of the anatomical variations and ideal formulae for intraocular lens computation and knows how to avoid intra- and post-operative complications. In this article, we review the criteria by which we recognize and describe pre-, intra-, and post-operative considerations, as well as discuss the ideal intraocular lenses for microphthalmos, given the intricate varieties of small eye phenotypes.

References

Parameswarappa D, Dave V, Tyagi M, Pappuru R . Endoscopy-assisted pars plana lensectomy for brunescent cataracts in eyes with microcornea with microphthalmos. Semin Ophthalmol. 2021; 37(1):7-10. DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1896755. View

Hoffman R, Vasavada A, Allen Q, Snyder M, Devgan U, Braga-Mele R . Cataract surgery in the small eye. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015; 41(11):2565-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.10.008. View

Gokce S, Zeiter J, Weikert M, Koch D, Hill W, Wang L . Intraocular lens power calculations in short eyes using 7 formulas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017; 43(7):892-897. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.07.004. View

Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Ni J, Yang F, Wang D, Lian H . Postoperative complications and axial length growth after bilateral congenital cataract surgery: eyes with microphthalmos compared to a comparison group. Eye (Lond). 2024; 38(15):2912-2919. PMC: 11461963. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03176-0. View

Verdonck T, Werner L, Dhubhghaill S, Tassignon M . Clinical and Surgical Outcome of a Supplementary Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implanted with a Bag-In-the-Lens Intraocular Lens: 5-Year Follow-Up. Ophthalmic Res. 2020; 64(3):503-511. DOI: 10.1159/000513790. View

Leysen I, Coeckelbergh T, Gobin L, Smet H, Daniel Y, De Groot V . Cumulative neodymium:YAG laser rates after bag-in-the-lens and lens-in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation: comparative study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006; 32(12):2085-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.07.025. View

De Groot V, Leysen I, Neuhann T, Gobin L, Tassignon M . One-year follow-up of bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens implantation in 60 eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006; 32(10):1632-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.05.007. View

Haigis W, Lege B, Miller N, Schneider B . Comparison of immersion ultrasound biometry and partial coherence interferometry for intraocular lens calculation according to Haigis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000; 238(9):765-73. DOI: 10.1007/s004170000188. View

Zor K, Kucuk E, Tutas Gunaydin N, Onder F . Ocular findings in posterior microphthalmos. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2019; 33(1):41-45. PMC: 6424690. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2018.10.007. View

10.

Teng H, Zhang H . Comparison of Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens implantation and posterior chamber intraocular lens sulcus fixation for aphakic eyes. Int J Ophthalmol. 2014; 7(2):283-7. PMC: 4003083. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.16. View

11.

Yosar J, Zagora S, Grigg J . Cataract Surgery in Short Eyes, Including Nanophthalmos: Visual Outcomes, Complications and Refractive Results. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021; 15:4543-4551. PMC: 8636843. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S344465. View

12.

Cooke D, Cooke T . Comparison of 9 intraocular lens power calculation formulas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016; 42(8):1157-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.06.029. View

13.

Nongpiur M, He M, Amerasinghe N, Friedman D, Tay W, Baskaran M . Lens vault, thickness, and position in Chinese subjects with angle closure. Ophthalmology. 2010; 118(3):474-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.07.025. View

14.

Sharan S, Grigg J, Higgins R . Nanophthalmos: ultrasound biomicroscopy and Pentacam assessment of angle structures before and after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006; 32(6):1052-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.02.051. View

15.

Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhao P . Clinical features of posterior microphthalmic and nanophthalmic eyes. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018; 11(11):1829-1834. PMC: 6232324. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.11.15. View

16.

Waldmann N, Gerber N, Hill W, Goldblum D . Cataract Surgery in High Hyperopia. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2018; 235(4):413-415. DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-101010. View

17.

Yan C, Yao K . Effect of Lens Vault on the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Calculation Formulas in Shallow Anterior Chamber Eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021; 233:57-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.07.011. View

18.

Rajendrababu S, Babu N, Sinha S, Balakrishnan V, Vardhan A, Puthuran G . A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Nanophthalmos With and Without Prophylactic Sclerostomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017; 183:125-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.09.008. View

19.

Shrivastava A, Behera P, Kacher R, Kumar B . Effect of anterior chamber depth on predictive accuracy of seven intraocular lens formulas in eyes with axial length less than 22 mm. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019; 13:1579-1586. PMC: 6708392. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S217932. View

20.

Yu C, Hu Z, Li J, Liu T, Xia K, Xie L . Clinical and genetic features of a dominantly-inherited microphthalmia pedigree from China. Mol Vis. 2009; 15:949-54. PMC: 2683027. View