Dormant Cancer Cells and Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells: The Roots of Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis

Overview

Journal Clin Transl Med

Publisher Wiley

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 Feb 16

PMID 38362620

Authors

Yuqi Jiao

Yongjun Yu

Minying Zheng

Man Yan

Jiangping Wang

Yue Zhang

Shiwu Zhang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Tumour cell dormancy is critical for metastasis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with giant or multiple nuclei and high DNA content have the properties of cancer stem cell and single PGCCs can individually generate tumours in immunodeficient mice. PGCCs represent a dormant form of cancer cells that survive harsh tumour conditions and contribute to tumour recurrence. Hypoxic mimics, chemotherapeutics, radiation and cytotoxic traditional Chinese medicines can induce PGCCs formation through endoreduplication and/or cell fusion. After incubation, dormant PGCCs can recover from the treatment and produce daughter cells with strong proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities via asymmetric cell division. Additionally, PGCCs can resist hypoxia or chemical stress and have a distinct protein signature that involves chromatin remodelling and cell cycle regulation. Dormant PGCCs form the cellular basis for therapeutic resistance, metastatic cascade and disease recurrence. This review summarises regulatory mechanisms governing dormant cancer cells entry and exit of dormancy, which may be used by PGCCs, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PGCCs.

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